one :: essays research papers

One flew over the cuckoos nest One flew over the cuckoos nest One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest For as long as clock could tell, whenever and wheresoever there is a corrupt ruling system in place, there leave alone always be an opposing force trying to over clear it. This ruling system can be a variety of things. In some cases it is the government, a boss, or basically anything or anyone that has some type of break or authority over something else or someone else. In some cases the opposition can successfully take over control of these corrupt systems, spell in other incidents the opposition is pitifully pounded back to silence. In other cases, the opposing force will be beaten, but in their shadowy cadaver lye a path for future generations to follow. In the case of Mc Murphy and the Big nurses a power struggle, the opposition (Mc Murphy) gets beaten silent, yet his words will continue to ring throughout the halls of the ward. Mc Murphy has been made a martyr, and has ultimately stripped Big Nurse of her abused powers and paved the way for fellowmen to get off her entrapment. Based on the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest by Ken Kesey, it seems that the authors perspective on this issue is that the system in place during this time period is in need of change. Ken seems to like the revolutionist characteristics found in his main character, and emphasizes the idea of questioning the authority power. His belief seems to be that yet if you are not successful in changing the system in entire, the effects of a person trying can still be precise effective. In fact, if all you manage to accomplish is changing a small aspect of the system, it was still all well worth the fight. For as seen, the effects of a minor victory, ripple into much larger victories in the battles to come. As a revolutionist, you set an example for others to follow and in essence pave the way for others to follow. In One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, the main character, Randle Patrick McM urphy, fights to change the system in a mental hospital. McMurphy is very outgoing, loud, rugged, manly, a leader and a rebel. From the first couple scenes of the book, there is a constant power struggle between the patients new found savior McMurphy, and the evil Nurse Ratchet who rules their wing of the hospital with an iron fist.

The Removal of Eudemonism from Ethics Essay -- On the Basis of Moralit

Although Arthur Schopenhauer was never able to gain the acclaim during his lifetime of nearly of the foe post-Kantian philosophers he competed against despite going so far as to register lectures at the same time as Hegel, he is now creating more go than ever and is widely considered one of the most important Ger objet dart philosophers, as he has earned himself the nickname of the philosopher of pessimism.1 Most believe that he was a man before his time, as he wrote during the German classical period where noble-mindedness was the main school of thought. Schopenhauer however went against the grain and believed the world as will to be fundamentally irrational, and held no prisoners when it came to openly criticizing his contemporaries.1 This caused him to be almost brushed apart during his own lifetime, which is made perfectly evident in how his work, On the Basis of moral philosophy was simply turned away by The Danish Academy of cognizance as it did not line up with their very Kant-centric views. Although he didnt incessantly agree Kant, Schopenhauer did consider himself Kants true philosophical heir, and was always unspoiled of praise for the man who he claimed, gave this science (metaphysics) a foundation having definite advantages all over previous ones, and because it still remains the last important event to come appear in ethics (47).2 He would use Kants foundation of morals as a guide to prepare himself to establish his own foundation. It would turn out that he would not be bias in Kants favor, but sooner attack Schopenhauer would attack Kants ethics for being wholly unjustified, groundless, and put on assumptions (48).2 He replaces Kants ethics with his own ethics of compassion, or the ability some human be... ...chopenh/2 Schopenhauer, On the Basis of Morality, trans, by EJ.F. Payne (Indian Hills, atomic number 27 The Falcons university extension Press, 1958), p. 1433 Kraut, Richard, Aristotles Eth ics, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2012 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = .2 Schopenhauer, On the Basis of Morality, trans, by EJ.F. Payne (Indian Hills, conscientious objector The Falcons Wing Press, 1958), p. xxiii2 Schopenhauer, On the Basis of Morality, trans, by EJ.F. Payne (Indian Hills, Colorado The Falcons Wing Press, 1958), p. xxiii2 Schopenhauer, On the Basis of Morality, trans, by EJ.F. Payne (Indian Hills, Colorado The Falcons Wing Press, 1958), p. xxiii2 Schopenhauer, On the Basis of Morality, trans, by EJ.F. Payne (Indian Hills, Colorado The Falcons Wing Press, 1958), p. xxiii The Removal of Eudemonism from Ethics Essay -- On the Basis of Moralit Although Arthur Schopenhauer was never able to gain the acclaim during his lifetime of some of the rival post-Kantian philosophers he competed against despite going so far as to schedule lectures at the same time as Hegel, he is now creating more buzz than ever and is wide ly considered one of the most important German philosophers, as he has earned himself the nickname of the philosopher of pessimism.1 Most believe that he was a man before his time, as he wrote during the German classical period where Idealism was the main school of thought. Schopenhauer however went against the grain and believed the world as will to be fundamentally irrational, and held no prisoners when it came to openly criticizing his contemporaries.1 This caused him to be almost brushed aside during his own lifetime, which is made perfectly evident in how his work, On the Basis of Morality was simply turned away by The Danish Academy of Science as it did not line up with their very Kant-centric views. Although he didnt always agree Kant, Schopenhauer did consider himself Kants true philosophical heir, and was always full of praise for the man who he claimed, gave this science (metaphysics) a foundation having definite advantages over previous ones, and because it st ill remains the last important event to occur in ethics (47).2 He would use Kants foundation of morals as a guide to prepare himself to establish his own foundation. It would turn out that he would not be bias in Kants favor, but rather attack Schopenhauer would attack Kants ethics for being wholly unjustified, groundless, and fictitious assumptions (48).2 He replaces Kants ethics with his own ethics of compassion, or the ability some human be... ...chopenh/2 Schopenhauer, On the Basis of Morality, trans, by EJ.F. Payne (Indian Hills, Colorado The Falcons Wing Press, 1958), p. 1433 Kraut, Richard, Aristotles Ethics, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2012 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = .2 Schopenhauer, On the Basis of Morality, trans, by EJ.F. Payne (Indian Hills, Colorado The Falcons Wing Press, 1958), p. xxiii2 Schopenhauer, On the Basis of Morality, trans, by EJ.F. Payne (Indian Hills, Colorado The Falcons Wing Press, 1958), p. xxiii2 Schopenha uer, On the Basis of Morality, trans, by EJ.F. Payne (Indian Hills, Colorado The Falcons Wing Press, 1958), p. xxiii2 Schopenhauer, On the Basis of Morality, trans, by EJ.F. Payne (Indian Hills, Colorado The Falcons Wing Press, 1958), p. xxiii

Is the story Daughters of the late Colonel more comic than tragic Essay

Is the story Daughters of the late Colonel more comic than tragicfor the reader overall? Be sure enough to comment on Mansfields use oflanguage.The story Daughters of the late Colonel, written by KatherineMansfield takes place during Victorian times, based around twosisters whose father had recently died. Mansfield describes thestruggles of these two women as they try to express their femininityand overcome the barriers of etiquette and the presence of theirfather, whom they feared. The story ends as the sisters Josephine andConstantia attempt to return free of their control world but failto, thus ending the story in tragedy. Despite this the path leading tothe tragic ending is riddled in ironical moments. Therefore it mightbe said about the story that it is more comic than tragic for thereader.Mansfield often uses humor as a technique to name the darker,suppressed side of the two sisters and she often does it subtly. Acasual reader might never discover this area of the story. I t is as ifMansfield employs comic moments as a mask to cover the tragedy of theplay.On one occasion Constantia is worrying about an imaginary mouseA spasm of pity squeezed her heart. Poor small-scale thing She wishedshed left a tiny piece of biscuit on the dressing table. It was awfulto think of it not finding anything. What would it do?The bearing Constantia exerts herself is simply pathetic. The reader isamused at her antics to attempt to bring the mouse some food. Thisobsession with detail is further emphasized with the rhetoricalquestion at the end of the quote, as well as the phrase poor littlething- its short length and exclamation mark emphasizes itsimportance, and the use of poor... ...ephine was unspoken for a moment. She stared at a big cloud wherethe sun had been. Then she replied shortly, Ive forgotten too.During the final section, the sun represents their chance for freedom.Golden rays symbolized the richness and exiting in the raw life which theycould have taken. Yet, the whole new path the sisters might have takenwas blocked out, symbolizing the cloud. It is thus that the story endsin tragedy- the sisters fail to break free, and remain stuck insidetheir self-imposed world. Their late fathers influence is too greatfor them to overcome.In conclusion, it may be said that the story is both a prank and atragedy. However, because Mansfield cleverly disguises the tragedy toblend into hilarious moments the reader gets an overall sense of comicfun. Therefore, Daughters of the Late Colonel is more of a comedy thana tragedy.

small claims court Essays -- essays research papers

On March 1, 2005, I went to the 3rd District Matheson Court House in the down town area and sat in on a few small claims appeal cases. I wanted to do this because I had never been to an actual court proceeding and I have been interested in seeing one live instead of on television. I am going to write intimately the three different cases that I sat in on, what the conflict was, what the outcome was and what I learned from each one.CASE 1The Plaintiffs figure in this first case was Watt. His case was that he subleased a vehicle to Kapone and Kapone had breached their contract by not making payments for vehicle which ultimately affects watts credit. Watt in like manner filed crimal charges against Kapone for harassment and personal check theft which took place in Las Vegas, Nevada. Watt placed a restraining order on Kapone. Watt wanted to be salaried for the car payments that were delinquent. The Defendants name was Kapone and he was not present but submitted a letter to the judg e. Although there was no signed contract in the letter, Kapone did in fact state they did have a written contract. The judge ruled in favor of Watt for the amount of $764.56. You can never be too careful when lending money to anyone even if it is a friend. In this case it did not turn out so well for Watt. He chose to go out on a limb and help kapone, wheter he was a friend or not, I dont know but he was not trustworthy and it ended up costing Watt time and m...

JC Penney Company, Inc. :: Marketing Research

JC Penney Compevery, Inc.J. C. Penney Company, Inc. Is one of Americas largest department store, drugstore, catalog and e-commerce retailers. Providing merchandise and services through department stores, catalogs, and the Internet. Their targeted customers ar Modern Spenders and Starting Outs, who shop for apparel, accessories, and floor furnishings through the centers where JCPenney is located and through the convenience of catalog and the Internet.Starting OutsLess than 35 years of ageSingles, young families0-1 childrenShopping patterns & relationships emergingNo whole retail loyalties28% of U.S. households.Currently 16% of salesPotentially 30% of salesModern Spenders35-54 years of ageDual-earner households0-2 children (often includes teenagers)Consumption orientedNo sound retail loyalties & relationshipsRetail loyalties more likelyEstablished shopping patternsTime-starved27% of U.S. householdsCurrently 43% of salesPotentially 50% of salesDistribution*catalogsJ.C. Penney is the demesnes largest catalog merchant, with the most modern facilities and the largest privately owned telemarketing network in America. Serving this $4 billion catalog business are nearly 2,000 catalog departments in JCPenney department stores, Eckerd drugstores, freestanding sales centers and independent catalog merchants.*InternetJ.C. Penney is in only its second year of Internet sales, and its termination strong and growing. Sales jumped from $15 million to $102 million since the beginning of jcpenney.com.*Department StoresJCPenney has more retail space in major regional shopping centers than any other department store retailer in America, with about 1,140 department stores located in all 50 states. JCPenneys drugstore ECKERD has over 2,600 stores in operation in 23 states.PROMOTIONAL OFFERSDirect mail. An invitation to shop mailed to selected catalog customers. These promotions may be associated with a holiday or other exceptional savings event, including many of our storewide eventsSunday Supplement. JCPenney color inserts that are delivered with your Sunday or late-week newspaper.Newspaper Ads. Promotional offers are often supplemented by ads in your local newspaper.Catalog Inserts. Many of our Sale and JCPenney Signature Series catalogs contain special offers for limited-time savings that are bound into mailed copies.E-mail Promotions.

JC Penney Company, Inc. :: Marketing Research

JC Penney Company, Inc.J. C. Penney Company, Inc. Is one of Americas largest department store, chemists shop, compile and e-commerce retailers. Providing merchandise and services through department stores, catalogs, and the Internet. Their targeted customers are Modern Spenders and head start Outs, who shop for apparel, accessories, and home furnishings through the centers where JCPenney is located and through the convenience of catalog and the Internet.Starting OutsLess than 35 grades of ageSingles, young families0-1 childrenShopping patterns & relationships appearNo strong retail loyalties28% of U.S. households.Currently 16% of salesPotentially 30% of salesModern Spenders35-54 years of ageDual-earner households0-2 children (often includes teenagers)Consumption lieNo strong retail loyalties & relationshipsRetail loyalties more likelyEstablished shopping patternsTime-starved27% of U.S. householdsCurrently 43% of salesPotentially 50% of salesDistribution*CatalogsJ.C. Penney is the nations largest catalog merchant, with the most modern facilities and the largest privately owned telemarketing network in America. Serving this $4 billion catalog business are nearly 2,000 catalog departments in JCPenney department stores, Eckerd drugstores, freestanding sales centers and independent catalog merchants.*InternetJ.C. Penney is in only its second year of Internet sales, and its going strong and growing. Sales jumped from $15 million to $102 million since the beginning of jcpenney.com.*Department StoresJCPenney has more retail space in major regional shopping centers than any other department store retailer in America, with about 1,140 department stores located in all 50 states. JCPenneys drugstore ECKERD has over 2,600 stores in operation in 23 states.PROMOTIONAL OFFERSDirect mail. An invitation to shop mailed to selected catalog customers. These promotions may be associated with a holiday or other special savings event, including many of our storewide eventsSunda y Supplement. JCPenney color inserts that are delivered with your Sunday or late-week newspaper.Newspaper Ads. Promotional offers are often supplemented by ads in your local newspaper.Catalog Inserts. Many of our Sale and JCPenney Signature Series catalogs contain special offers for limited-time savings that are bound into mailed copies.E-mail Promotions.

“Gold Miss”: Single successful women in work force in Korea

Two articles that were discussed in class touched on matrimonial women in the work force in Korea, Taiwan and Japan. All of these articles examine the changes in matrimonial womens employment that industrialized society face. Higher intimacy of married womens employment comp bed to the recent can be explained by higher(prenominal) labor append and demand caused by industrialization, social structures, changes in womens role in family, and higher womens education. These changes not sole(prenominal) affect married women but also private women in Asia.I would like to go delve to a greater extent(prenominal) into and also go beyond the readings and look more into the single women in general, with specific focus on Korea. Particularly, even sots regarding women at work has led to the rise of the amber miss in Korean culture recently has created substantial cultural shifts in the way the largely Confucian society views women and how these women do business. Korean Culture Korea is home to a deeply Confucian society. Under such(prenominal) a system, women argon relegated to a lower position, wherein they fool to follow the wishes and dictates of the head of the family the father, then the husband and then the grown sons.There are strict dictates that has get over over to national laws on succession. Korean norms lead been blamed for the lack of opportunities for women (August and Tuten, 2003, p. 118). Women handed-downly stay at home after wedding to take tutelage of family. Children usually live with their parents until they are married and the eldest son is left to care of the aging parents. Women in the Workforce In their study, Rachel August and Tracy Tuten laments that further 48% of women participate in the Korean workforce.The countrys labor market is exceedingly-segregated with jobs that are meant only for men exclusively. Korean men also switch a virtual monopoly on managerial and executive level jobs, where only 7% are held by women (Augus t and Tuten, 2003, p. 109). In contrast, women in the United Kingdom pretend a 66% participation in the labor force, charm 33% of employed women hold managerial and executive level jobs (August and Tuten, 2003, p. 109). The pay between men and women is different likewise, with women getting only 60% of what their male counterparts get (Yoo, 2003, p. 367).Most Korean women had to fight a patriarchal society where in everyone from employers policymakers, and even fellow employees prefer males over females. As such, they get jobs that pay less(prenominal) (Brinton, et. al. , 1995, p. 1101) The dismal situation of women is due to the fact that workplaces in Korea lack protection like laws against gender discrimination, harassment and new(prenominal) alike laws. Korean women are also facing challenges in terms of getting their education that would have equipped them with the skills and knowledge needed for higher level positions (August and Tuten, 2003, p. 17). This has changed in recent historic period, however. With the advent of industrialization in Korea, more and more women had married later and the fertility rate fell. Korean women had more time to participate in the activities of the labor market. Korean women also gained more education, and consequently more work experience, which in turn makes them more attractive to employers (Brinton, et. al. , 1995, p. 1100) Married Korean women are less likely to be involved in formal employment, as many companies also encourage women employees to resign after brotherhood (Yoo, 2003, p. 384).Shift in Korean Culture The increases in the descend of running(a) married women and single woman households both represent a significant way out from the traditional Korean family structure. Women are now choosing to keep their jobs even after marriage and many grown-up children are moving out of the family home to live alone and choosing to postpone marriage. More and more women are also getting higher education compa red to women in the 70s and 80s. These grown-up daughters that have successful careers postpone marriage and enjoy their single-blessedness and economic independence.In the past in Korea, marriage used to be only institution frame work for women to secure stability in their lives. But now that social conditions have changed greatly and women exert more power in economic activities women are increasingly taking charge of their lives. Thus, in recent years, more and more women are staying single, compassing more, and fleck societal pressures that dictate when they should settle down. They have been termed gold misses, a play of words and a corruption of Old hightail it.Gold misses are highly successful single women who are way above the traditional marrying age of the late twenties and early thirties. According to the Chosun Ilbo, an English language Korean newspaper, the typical gold miss has a college degree, a professional job that pays at least KRW40 million (around US$43,000) annually. A gold miss go for edification both in looks and image (Gold Miss Among , 2007, para. 2). More than changing their looks and living upwardly in society, gold misses are changing Korean society.Whereas before, women above 30 are frowned upon as spinsters who failed to catch a husband, with all the attendant stereotypes against it. Now gold misses are seen to enjoy their independence both personal and economic (Gold Miss Among , 2007, para. 1). They are also breaking through stereotypes that unmarried women in their mid-thirties have something wrong with them, or have been through a difficult experience, or just plain stubborn. These are women who do not rely on a husband to keep them alive, and they are enjoying it.For Ham In-hee, a sociologist at Ewha Womens University marriage for a gold miss is a choice, instead of a desperate and only means to be stable. Ham relates that women who are financially capable, have a tendency to marry late (Chosun Ilbo, 2007, para. 3). T he view is shared by Lee Woong-jin, chief executive officer of a dating company. Ms. Lee says that gold misses figure they can continue living alone because they earn enough to support themselves (Gold Miss Among , 2007, para. 2). Other changes are evident. Gold misses are known to be fashionistas, and have influenced trends in Korean fashion and food (Kang, 2008, para. ). Gold misses, though a relatively new development in the conservative Korean culture, are increasing. Kang In-sun, opus for the Chosun Ilbo, reports on data released by the Korea Employment Information Service that says that there were 27,233 gold misses in 2006, an increase of almost twelve-fold from around 2,000 just five years before. The report also says that gold misses are now found in a growing range of industries and profession, securing top jobs in private institutions, filmmaking, theater, writing, broadcasting, medicine, design and management, among others (Kang, 2008, para. ).The number will rise, as 68% of women in their twenties and thirties surveyed indicated that they would like to remain single (Kang, 2008, para. 5). Meanwhile, an overwhelming 90% of girls aged 10 think that marriage is a choice, instead of a must (Kang, 2007, para. 7). The prevalence and impact of gold misses is so widespread that Korean marketers have taken note of them, and have even come up with spin-off labels like silver miss or single women in their 30s who are earning less than KRW30 million, and platinum miss or women who earn more than KRW100 million annually (Kim, 2008, para. ). As more women become more economically active and more financially-independent these days and as views on marriage have changed dramatically, these single professional women, in their thirties and forties without pressure to get married, enjoy the feeling of accomplishment at work and gain more throw overboard time for themselves, rather than doing housework and caring for children as housewives do. Having no husbands an d children also increases their autonomy on spending.Gold misses are willing to and can spend on anything they want, especially on their self-development, looks, health, skills and on leisure, their changes in lifestyle and spending start to have impact on various industries such as tourism, fashion, art and unison business, interior design such as kitchen appliances, and matchmaking business. As a result, the purchasing power of singles makes them an important consumer group.Kim Ji-soo, a culture editor at the Korea Times, writes that while Korean women had been slow to change in a strongly Confucian society, they are now taking on more and new challenges and working in professions that used to be male domain. The causes for the rise of the gold miss are varied, and touches a spectrum of economic and social factors including (but not limited to) higher labor supply and demand caused by industrialization, changes in womens role in family, higher womens education, and increase in vo ices advocating gender equality and equal opportunities at work, among other things.The Korea Times, however, proposes another cause. Bae Ji-sook relates that the cost of marriage, including childrearing, housing and education, could be the main reason why a progressively increasing number of women are opting to stay single. With the shift in Korean thinking with regards to the convention of women getting married in their late twenties or early thirties, there is less pressure to get married and risk acquiring these costs (Bae, 2008, para. 6-8). In fact, a recent survey found that 22% of Korean singles found marriage costs too prohibitive and cited that as one of the reasons not to get married.Other reasons were the prevalence of divorce, and the idea of enjoying the single life. Almost a quarter said that they havent found the even out one yet. The survey had 1,826 respondents, 70% of them were women (Kang, 2007, paras. 1-4). Traditional values of family and harmony influenced by Confucian philosophy are disappearing, new values of individualism and independence are new inflow, and women are reacting to this change by choosing to work and marry late. On to of these changes in social values, higher cost of marriage and raising children causes further departure from traditional roles for single women.Additionally, womens success in their career will continue to emerge as a valuable consumer group in the future. With such changes in conventional idea, their economic and social power, and consumer market towards them, they seem to have less reason to get married and the increase the number of unmarried women in their thirties and forties is likely to continue. * * * The rise of the gold misses can thus be seen as a natural consequence of the Korean womans progress in the countrys labor market. It is an evolution that took years to unravel.With the change in Koreas business climate and labor environment, women became introduced into its labor force, an outlet wh ich led to further changes down the road and created a cyclical cause and effect. As women became more active in their participation in the countrys labor force, the more opportunities opened for them to further their education and chalk up their work experience, which in turn made them more attractive to employers and opened the doors to more jobs. The pressures of society and culture, however, remained.In time, Korean women learned that having their best interests in mind and following the norms do not necessarily go together, and thus the evolution comes to its menses form the gold misses. Combined with this realization are the changes in the countrys norms and governance that allowed for more gender equality. It can be argued then that gold misses are the daughters who are reaping the benefits that have been set up for them by women of the past. They are also blessed to be working at a time when Korean society and culture had eased and changed.But as mothers can differ from the ir daughters in a lot of ways, so does todays gold misses and the traditional married working women. Married working women of the past were at most followers of societys dictated norms of how they should act and when they should act, and at the very least, they were trammel by their culture. Career women felt the urge to get married at an age that is largely dictated by society, at a time when they should have been at their peak, professionally speaking. These women may be doing the deals in the corporate boardroom, but they come home to cook for their husbands and care for their children.Gold misses eschewed that role, and by ignoring societal dictates, they have become progenitors of a new culture. By refusing to be tied down, they have gathered enough power to create a unique culture that briefly became more and more mainstream. They became a force to be considered, if only for their collective purchasing power. Without responsibilities to take care of a family, they have the l uxury of thinking only for themselves. Instead of being dictated by culture, gold misses have turned the tables and are now dictating what the culture should be.More and more gold misses are stepping into roles that women of the past have not even dreamed of. The arena for male-dominated fields is shrinking as more women are invading the work force. Whereas traditional married working women were contented in defining their value by the men in the lives, and anchoring their stability on their marriage, gold misses are challenging the patriarchal traditions and Confucian hierarchies. Women in the workplace are also changing the business culture away from alcohol-inspired karaoke fests into something more transparent and above-board.These women are also discouraging blind loyalty towards superiors (Asiaweek, 2001, paras. 3-4). stableness is no yearner anchored to the thickness of their husbands wallets, but their own. Culture and society are two very dynamic forces, and they affect on e another. While it is evidently a much better time to be a single work woman in Korea nowadays more than ever, there is still a long way to go to achieve more independence from and equality with men. The gold miss phenomenon is a clear indicator, though, that women in Korea are on the right track.

Factors Affecting Academic Performance Essay

Like many Americans caught up in the economic downturn, college students are worried around money. Now query indicates that financial worries may affect their academic performance.This years National Survey of Student Engagement, released on Thursday, reveals that more than a third of seniors and more than a quarter of freshmen did not purchase required academic materials because of the cost. Roughly equal shares, around 60 percent, said they worried about having enough money for day-to-day expenses. And 36 percent of freshmen and 32 percent of seniors reported that financial concerns had interfered with their academic performance.Since 2000, Nessie, as the survey is known, has collected wide-ranging data to help colleges develop legal educational practices and promote engagement. Students are asked, for instance, how much time they spend studying, whether they get involved with campus organizations, and how they interact with their professors and peers.This year the researchers , based at Indiana University at Bloomington, excessively assessed how the economy was affecting students at a subset of the 546 American colleges that participated.The survey examined students employment, finding that among freshmen, nearly 20 percent worked on campuses, and about 30 percent worked elsewhere. For seniors, those proportions were about a quarter on campuses and more than half elsewhere. Students working off campuses logged more hours More than half of seniors working on campuses worked less than 15 hours a workweek, but 40 percent of full-time seniors in off-campus jobs worked more than 16 hours a week 20 percent logged 30 or more hours. early(a) research has found that working up to 20 hours a week can increase students engagement and improve their academic performance, but that a great time commitment can be detrimental. In this years survey, more than half of full-time seniors who worked 21 or more hours a week said their work schedule interfered with their stu dies. Yet 60 percent of those students said they had investigated working even more hours to help cover the cost of college.Related contentedGrades and Tests May Miss What Matters Most in LearningCharts How Financial Worries Are Affecting StudentsAlexander C. McCormick, director of the survey, says institutions should consider such findings an opportunity to get a better sense of the financial stressors that shape students academic experiences.Most colleges, he points out, know which students have on-campus jobs. But administrators could do more to figure out how much time students spend working off-campus, and whether those commitments threaten their academic success.You can never do enough to understand who your students are, Mr. McCormick says. But collecting data is the easy part. The sincerely hard work is up to the colleges and universities, to figure out what the data mean and what they want to do in response.

“Edward Scissorhands” by Tim Burton Essay

What type of and what locomotes be undertaken in the film Edward Scissor turn over by Tim Burton?The movie takes maculation in an but artificial worldly concern, where a Gothic castle crouches on a mountain top high above a story book suburb with a goofy neighbourhood where t step forward ensemble of the houses are shades of delicates and all of the inhabitants gather upm to be emotional clones of the jetsons.Edwards JourneyThe main character, Edward goes on a major(ip) journey. From the get-go of the film we see scenes depicting how it faces if you are unlike and are amongst heap who fit neatly into societies accepted roles. Edward is timbreing for love and understanding, which is slightlything that you long for. He has been taken from his comfort zone to a more populated and somewhat scary environment. Edwards journey is learning how to trust, and how to fully understand that people with differences are some clippings better off alone.Taken from his comfort zone and being put into a busy and noisy neighbourhood, Edward realises that there is going to be major changes in his life in order for him to adapt to his new environment and new ways of brio. He is an outcast, pass judgmenting to light upon his place in a world in which he does non belong.He has significant differences in his appearance to the everyday person with 5 fingers and toes, instead he has sharp scissors as hands and an ashen white complexion. Burton uses this as a prop for discrimination, and thats exactly what Edward gets. He knows he is diverse physically but wants to show people that he can love and he does break feelings and its whats on the inside of a person that really counts, and this is what Kim saw in Edward.Whilst Edward helps Pegg chop the lettuce for the barbeque, he sees Pegg open a can of bettroot. He experiences a flash back that takes the ausience on a journey through an old lab or factory. The discovererappears and marvels at his cookie machine. He pick s up a cookie in the shape of a heart andholds it up to the chest of a robbot that has scissors for hands and is chopping lettuce. This shows Edwards inner journey so far, having been giving feelings and a heart. Burton gives the suggestionthat these inner qualities are more important than hands.Edwards Inventor died before he gave Edward his hands. When Edward sees a photo of Kim his eyes light up with intense feelings. Upon shock Kim, it was evident that their would be a connection between the two characters, and a romantic journey would soon be on the way.Kims JourneyKim is Pegg Boggs daughter who is going out with a dead beat called Jim. Kim acted as roughly teenagers would if they came home to find that there was a strange young man with scissors for hands sleeping in their bed. At first she makes fun of Edward and uses him unwillingly to break into her obnoxious boyfriends house.Soon after this pointt Kim begins to see Edwards truelove and uniqueness in comparison to the people she is surrounded by everyday. Kim goes on a an inner journey of self discovery and learns a valuable lesson of life in general, that being that it doesnt matter if the person is back white or blue you accept them for who they are on the inside, and thats all that matters. She has full acceptance of differences and believes in Edward.The CommunityHowever the Neighbourhoods journey is actuate by how they can use Edward Physically. They learn to accept him because he can be useful to them. At First they were unsure, but when they saw him as an goal for their own fulfilment, they were quick to accept his peculiar yet useful appearanceThere is one character in the film who lives next door to the Boggs family, She is a very religious women and tries to get the neighbourhood to watch out for Edward, and that he is a message sent from Satan, and he is no good.At First this didnt seem to worry the neighbourhood, but perhaps on the inside they were very cautious of his difference to the norm society. scarcely not everyone shares sypathethies and some bad guys are determined to abuse the naive and innocent Edward. Suddenly, after the burglary, rumours spread like wildfire and suddenly once again, everyone is staying away from the lonely young man. Yet however Kim has cartelWhat Obstacles or challenges do some of the characters undergo or face during their journeys.EdwardThe first challenge or obstacle for Edward is really at the beginning of the film when he is in the car with Pegg. It is obvious that Edward has never been outside his castle, he is fascinated by the surroundings of the town, he tries to look closer but hits his head on the window, not realising its their. It is soon recognised by the viewer however how much Edward has been out of contact with the rest of the world, something that would soon be changing.Dealing with the fact that his inventor died Edward was forced to move on with his life living totally by himself with scissors for hands and no real friends. He had to live with the fact that he was an invention that was never quite finished and he would never change, a task within itself being hard to wad with. This for him would have been hard to deal with but he used his time sculpting plants into animals and maintaining a beautiful garden, whilst in the winter when it would snow, Edward would carve ice sculptures with his gift and talent using his scissors.Edward has to face the society at a good-looking neighbourhood barbecue where he is confronted with many different people and their attitudes. He was put on the spot to see all of these people with normal lives compared to him only meeting one person in his lifeand that being his inventor, Edward only ever knew one other human, so meeting new people was quiet a large task for him.He had to watch the girl that he was falling in love with, get excruciate by her boyfriend, but did things for her that were morally wrong, but did it out of the goodness of his heart . Edward knows that Jim is not good for Kim, but doesnt try to stop her from being with him, instead he uses his somewhat peculiar charm to win her over, which he himself never thought was possible.Another challenge that Edward faces is that of which when he is confronted by Pegg Boggs at the start of the film. She decides to go to the castle, where no one else has ever been just to see if she could sell some Avon. She finds Edward and her first impression is that she tries to leavebut he says, wait. She stops, looks at him, and then applies some treatment to his face. He is scared when she touches him, but then just stands there. Its this trusts that started Edward on his journey to believing in others.Eating dinner was another challenge Edward go about at the dinner table. Everyone would watch as he tries to grasp a pea in the clamp of the scissors but no success. It would be even harder with Kevin (Kims brother) watching him all the time. It made him feel different and in a sen se not included. Poor Edward yet again was made to feel as an individual.KimWhen Edward first arrived Kim was not too sure about him, and her boyfriend didnt like him either. She would go out with her boyfriend and come home and look at Edward, on the inside she knew she liked him, but didnt know if it was physically possible.She was faced with a serious challenge when her boyfriend asked her to get Edward to associate into the robbery. She knew it was morally wrong but did it to keep her boyfriend happy. Yet when Edward gets stuck inside the house, Kim trys to get Jim to help but Jim is so obnoxious he quickly drives away. She knows in her heart that she needs to get Edward out, and knows he is scared. However the next day, when Edward gets home from gaol, He says that he didnot dob her in, and when she asks why he says that I did it because you asked me to. So Kim really feels for Edward, he has a gentle spirit, and it is clearly portrayed through his individualisedity.What Dis coveries or changes are made?EdwardOne of Edwardss major discoveries is just how different he is compared to the rest of neighbourhood and society. When he actually gets out and seess what life is like outside his own home, he discovers that he is the only one with such a significant difference. And discovers that people with such physical differences are often discriminated against for being unique in there own personal way. Although this makes him upset, he chooses for it not to affect him. The neighbourhood accepts him in a perverse and freakish way, the people seeing him as a curiosity. He soon becomes democratic for his gift of cutting hedges into pieces of beautiful art and arousing the dormant passions of spiteful housewives.KimKim discovers that it doesnt matter what a person looks like, or what they do in their life, its what they have on the inside that counts. Edward has a pure gentle and kind heart and is willing to love her with all his soul. She realises that a persons emotions build their character more than their handsome looks. By the end of the Film, when she pretends Edward has died, On the inside Kim knows that there has been a spiritual change in her life. She no longer judges people by their appearance, but furthermore the content of their character.What techniques does the composer use to convey meaning? And what are the effects of those techniques?Tim Burton has constantly been a guarantor for visionary movie making a very sacrosanct visually driven direction. This style makes him a verydistinguishable director but at the same time makes him very unique as well. Burton always gives the material a spin that is unique and interesting, no matter how banal the subject may appear at first. With this film, however, he created a romantic gambling with serious undertones, very serious and dark, to the point that the films opening almost plays like a classic horror film.Successful satire has to have a place to stand, and a target to aim at. The entire world of Edward Scissorhands is satire, and so, Edward inhabits it, rather than taking an aim at it. Even if he lived in a more hospitable world, however, it is hard to tell what satirical comment Edward would have to make, because the movie makes an abrupt switch in his character about two thirds of the way through. Until then he has been a gentle goofy soul, a quixotic outsider.Like all good fairy-tale fables, this one has a moral. People who are different are going to have a difficult time in this world. Its an easy moral for almost anybody to relate to since almost everybody has felt different at one time or another, e specially in ones youth. What teenager hasnt longed to be the Student Body President, the quarterback of the football game team, the captain of the cheerleading squad, the straight-A scholar, the popular, gorgeous or handsome kid as the case may be, instead of the middling nerd, the undesirable, the social reject weve sometimes felt we were? But for Bu rton that isnt enough. He also piles on layers of slight, superficial satire. He pokes fun at middle-class suburban living middle-class values, nonaged-town hypocrisy, small-mindedness, gossiping, and backbiting.One of the most striking aspects of the film is its visual style. From the character of Edward, to the looming castle and the peculiar small town suburbia, everything is stylised to extremes. The neighbourhoods are all painted in bright pastel colours with houses that are as uniform as the attitudes of its inhabitants, and Edwardss artistry only furthers the impression of a completely artificial world. His trademark use of miniatures is in full force with the long shots of the town and mansion. His camera work is smooth and flowing, and the film has a wonderful sense of humourThe film certainly does not fall flat of a narrative even though all its focus is on the visuals. Although since it is a rather traditional outsider story, told in a very different way one could argue the plot is rather predictable. The presentation, the pacing and emotional impact created by the film is just as brawny and makes Edward Scissorhands a beautifully enchanting modern day fairy tale with a social subtext. It has a somewhat cyclic nature.Flash backs show Edwards inner journey. In one particular flashback Edward sees his inventor contemplating giving Edward feelings and emotions with significance to a heart shaped cookie. Its in this flash back that suggests these inner qualities are more important than hands.The colour of these flash backs being black and white play a significant part in the movie. The black and white tones of these flashbacks emphasises the time change of the rather dark idea of a person being constructed scientifically, but still the most important part is his feelings.There are many shots where misenscenes are used. Like when Kim and Edward hug. This frame shows them in a close up, emphasising this new loveThe whole film indicates an inner journey is taking place from the establishment shots in which the camera pans over the mountain and the village indicating to the audience of the unique contrast.The music used by Danny Elfman compliments every shot made. From the beginning when the camera pans over the mountain there is heavy tones of dark mysterious music, but when then put to contrast to the neighbourhood there is soft stabilise music and birds chirping. Its these contrast that help set the scenes in the film.Edward Scissorhands presents this outlandishly strange premise, but with a gentleness worthy of Edward himself, Burton demonstrates how Edward is just an extreme metaphor for the gangliness and closing off experienced by mostadolescents. Kim is a popular beauty-queen among her school set, but she isnt any happier than Edward is. Besides, she doesnt even seem to have a special trait or reliably unique skill, at least her new brother of sorts can cut hair, clip hedges, and provide excellent show-and-tell material for her younger brother.The film opens with a loving grandmother offering to explain to her adorable granddaughter where snow comes from, and then turns into a dark and disturbing parable of loneliness, nonconformity, and the tyranny of small minds. Edward Scissorhands, is a deeply touching movie, it isnt overtly a Christmas movie, but it does touch on the grimmer side of the religion that currently dominates the much more superannuated tradition of a midwinter celebration.The appropriately over-the-top performances from much of the cast and the overly bright fakeness of the world their characters inhabit might make it easy for some to dismiss Edward Scissorhands as fluff fantasy with nothing of importance to offer, but Johnny Depp wont let that happen. Regardless of the oddity of his character, Depp keeps the film rooted in reality whatever motive you attribute to the neighbours, the profound affect that their mass rejection of Edward has on him is undeniably, recognisably true. E dward is heartbreakingly poignant.His sudden rage, which he expresses by ripping his scissors across cover and drapes, is all the more startling because he has been so courteous with his sharp edges before. His fingers snap and twitch when hes nervous, which is often not equipped with the communicatory skills to defend himself, his despair radiates wordlessly. Even Edwards humorous moments as when he encounters the one piece of furniture to which hes a serious riskiness a waterbed Depp imbues with a touch of pathos.How does Edward Scissorhands relate to the core text My Place?Pegg Boggs and Sally Morgan share a similar personality trait. Both characters have big hearts and kind souls. In Edward Scissorhands Pegg strives to help Edward deal with his differences. Just like Sally who triesto get her grandmother to talk and accept her true identity. Both characters try to get their close ones to accept themselves for who they are, and to know that its whats on the inside of a pers on that really matters, not what they look like. Sally excepts that Nan has been brought up in a different era and accepts this different, just like Pegg accepts Edward and his situation.However My Place and Edward Scissorhands involve completely different journeys in the sense that Morgans is a true account and autobiography of her real family and Tim Burtons film is a fantasy. This contrast shows that scissors for hands is a symbol illustration that is used to point out the discrimination felt by people who are actually physically different, just like Nan and Gladys who were discriminated against for their aboriginality.After Edwards inventor died, he stayed living in the big house alone. This hiding away is parallel to Nan and Gladys hiding their Aboriginality. However both Sally and Pegg bring out the inner beauty of these people with differences and give them the sense of security and reassurance that they were both once unable to feel.

An Essay on School

An essay on schoolIssues surrounding school can never be over analysed. At offset printing glance school may seem unenchanting, however its study is a necessity for any one wishing to intellectually advance beyond their childhood. While much has been written on its influence on contemporary living, school is featuring more and more in the ideals of the young and upwardly mobile. Inevitably feelings meet deep amongst those some reliant on technology, obviously. Here begins my indepth analysis of the glourious subject of school.Social FactorsSociety is a human product. The immortal and indispensable phrase honesty is the best constitution 1 globalised an issue which had remained buried in the hearts of our ancestors for centuries. Both tyranny and democracy are tried and questioned. Yet school helps to provide some sort of counterbalance in this world of ever changing, always yearning chaos.Some analysts have been tempted to disregard school. I havent. To put it simply, people lik e school.Economic FactorsEconomics has been defined as Ill glass your back if you scratch mine. To my learned ear that sounds like two people with itchy backs. We will study the Custard-Not-Mustard model. For those of you unfamiliar with this model it is derived from the Three-Amigos model but with great emphasis on the outlying gross national product.Political FactorsPolitics, we all agree, is a fact of life. Comparing international relations since the end of the century can be like observing school and political feeling.In the words of the star of stage and screen Esperanza Woodpecker People inglass houses shouldnt through parties. 2 He was first introduced to school by his mother. It is a well known secret that what prompted many politicians to first strive for power was school.I wait anxiously. What will the next few years crop for school?ConclusionWe can conclude that the school may not be the best thing since sliced bread, but its still important. It fills a hole, puts out fires, and most importantly it perseveres.Lets finish with a thought from star Nicole Jackson Oooh yeah school shoo badaby dooo. 3

Personal Competency Essay

Personal competencies represent a persons ability, skill, character, and knowledge that develop with life experiences. Competencies are required to perform efficiently in any professional organization. The ability to fully understand his or her personal competencies and using it as a resourceful tool for improvement constructs the foundation of highly effective management department. Poor communication is often the biggest barrier in organizational effectiveness. In a managerial federal agency, development of communication skills is an integral part for managers to build and maintain relationships by employees self-concept.When expectations are known, uncertainties are reduced, outcomes can then be remedy predicted allowing the organization to run smoothly. To overcome conflicts and effectively communicate with different areas of the business, management uses communication technique to have a pleasant and productive buy the farm atmosphere. Clearly defining each positions roles a nd responsibilities sets a foundation and reduces tension in the workplace. Employees feel valued when managers actively listen to concerns and allow workers to enrol in any decision-making process.This services build a positive, parallel relationship between the manager and employee. Keeping an open mind and knowing that disagreements can occur help contribute to advancement of a business by realizing that management may not always be right. Innovating and strategizing are the essential competencies to focus on in order to adapt strong communication skills. A successful innovative organization clearly explains to each employee the organizations vision, mission, purpose and each positions responsibilities.Making sure the vision is understood, trusting staff members and prioritizing meetings is a guiding light for an innovative organization. Strategizing also is another critical element that allows better communication. Reflecting on the previous year, and current year and planning for future years allows the organization to expand through the use of communication. Communication is the key to the success of many objectives and goals set by individuals and upper management. Recognizing each individuals personality and finding various ways to communicate is an integral part of management in any organization.

The Lost Symbol Chapter 44-47

CHAPTER 44New York editor Jonas Faukman was just turning move out the lights in his Manhattan office when his prognosticate rang. He had no aim of picking up at this hourthat is, until he glimpsed the shouter- ID display. This ought to be good, he thought, sinking for the receiver.Do we still publish you? Faukman asked, half serious.Jonas Robert Langdons vocalize sounded anxious. Thank deity youre there. I need your help.Faukmans spirits lifted. Youve got pages for me to edit, Robert? Finally?No, I need information. Last ycapitulum, I connected you with a scientist named Katherine Solomon, the sister of Peter Solomon?Faukman frowned. No pages.She was feel for a publisher for a book on Noetic Science? Do you remember her?Faukman rolled his eyes. Sure. I remember. And thanks a million for that introduction. not solo did she refuse to let me read the results of her research, she didnt want to publish eachthing until some magical date in the future.Jonas, listen to me, I dont ha ve time. I need Katherines phone number. Right now. Do you have it?Ive got to warn you . . . youre acting a little desperate. Shes bulky discovering, but youre not going to impress her byThis is no joke, Jonas, I need her number now.All right . . . h nonagenarian on. Faukman and Langdon had been close friends for enough years that Faukman knew when Langdon was serious. Jonas typed the name Katherine Solomon into a search window and began scanning the companys e-mail server.Im looking now, Faukman said. And for what its worth, when you call her, you may not want to call from the Harvard Pool. It sounds deal youre in an asylum.Im not at the pool. Im in a delve coldcockstairs the U.S. Capitol.Faukman perceive from Langdons go that he was not joking. What is it with this guy? Robert, why cant you just stay home and write? His computer pinged. Okay, hold on . . . I got it. He mo utilise through the old e-mail thread. It looks like all I have is her cell.Ill take it.Faukman gave h im the number.Thanks, Jonas, Langdon said, sounding grateful. I owe you one.You owe me a manuscript, Robert. Do you have any intellect how longThe line went dead.Faukman stared at the receiver and shook his head. Book publishing would be so much easier with stunned the authors.CHAPTER 45Katherine Solomon did a double take when she saying the name on her caller ID. She had imagined the incoming call was from Trish, checking in to explain why she and Christopher Abaddon were taking so long. But the caller was not Trish.Far from it.Katherine matte a blushing smile cross her lips. Could tonight get any stranger? She flipped open her phone.Dont tell me, she said play richly. Bookish bachelor let outking item-by-item Noetic Scientist?Katherine The deep voice belonged to Robert Langdon. Thank God youre okay.Of course Im okay, she replied, puzzled. Other than the fact that you never called me after that subtracty at Peters house last summer.Something has happened tonight. please list en. His normally smooth voice sounded ragged. Im so sorry to have to tell you this . . . but Peter is in serious trouble.Katherines smile disappeared. What are you talking approximately?Peter . . . Langdon hesitated as if searching for words. I dont know how to say it, but hes been . . . taken. Im not sure how or by whom, but taken? Katherine demanded. Robert, youre s gondola caring me. Taken . . . where?Taken captive. Langdons voice cracked as if he were overwhelmed. It must have happened earlier today or maybe yesterday.This isnt funny, she said angrily. My brother is fine. I just mouth to him fifteen minutes agoneYou did? Langdon sounded stunned.Yes He just texted me to say he was coming to the lab.He texted you . . . Langdon thought out loud. But you didnt actually hear his voice?No, butListen to me. The text you received was not from your brother. Someone has Peters phone. Hes dangerous. Whoever it is tricked me into coming to Washington tonight.Tricked you? Youre not making any senseI know, Im so sorry. Langdon seemed uncharacteristically disorientated. Katherine, I think you could be in danger.Katherine Solomon was sure that Langdon would never joke about something like this, and yet he sounded like he had lost his mind. Im fine, she said. Im locked internal a secure buildingRead me the message you got from Peters phone. Please.Be viciousered, Katherine pulled up the text message and read it to Langdon, feeling a chill as she came to the final part referencing Dr. Abaddon. If available, have Dr. Abaddon join us inside. I trust him fully . . . Oh God . . . Langdons voice was laced with fear. Did you invite this man inside?Yes My assistant just went out to the lobby to get him. I expect them second anyKatherine, get out Langdon yelled. at onceAt the other side of the SMSC, inside the security inhabit, a phone began ringing, drowning out the Red sputters game. The keep reluctantly pulled out his earbuds one more time.Lobby, he answered. This is Kyle. Kyle, its Katherine Solomon Her voice sounded anxious, out of breath.Maam, your brother has not yetWheres Trish? she demanded. Can you see her on the monitors?The guard rolled his chair over to look at the bindings. She hasnt gotten back to the Cube yet?No Katherine shouted, sounding al work uped.The guard now cognize that Katherine Solomon was out of breath, as if she were running. Whats going on back there?The guard quickly worked the video joystick, skimming through frames of digital video at quick speed. Okay, hold on, scrolling through playback . . . Ive got Trish with your guest leaving the lobby . . . they expire down the Street . . . fast-forwarding . . . okay, theyre going into Wet codfish . . . Trish uses her key card to unlock the ingress . . . both of them step into Wet Pod . . . fast- forwarding . . . okay, here they are coming out of Wet Pod just a minute ago . . . heading down . . . He cocked his head, slowing the playback. Wait a minute. Thats odd.What?The gent leman came out of Wet Pod alone.Trish stayed inside?Yes, it looks that mien. Im watching your guest now . . . hes in the manor hall on his own. Where is Trish? Katherine asked more frantically.I dont see her on the video feed, he replied, an edge of anxiety creeping into his voice. He looked back at the screen and noticed that the mans jacket sleeves appeared to be wet . . . all the vogue up to his elbows. What in the world did he do in Wet Pod? The guard watched as the man began to move purposefully down the main hallway toward Pod 5, clutching in his go past what looked like . . . a key card.The guard matt-up the hair on the back of his neck stand on end. Ms. Solomon, weve got a serious problem.Tonight was a night of firsts for Katherine Solomon.In dickens years, she had never used her cell phone inside the void. Nor had she ever crossed the void at a dead run. At the moment, however, Katherine had a cell phone pressed to her ear while she was dashing fraudly along the date less length of carpet. Each time she felt a foot stray from the carpet, she corrected back to center, race on through the sheer darkness.Where is he now? Katherine asked the guard, breathless.Checking now, the guard replied. Fast-forwarding . . . okay, here he is walking down the hall . . . go toward Pod Five . . .Katherine ran laboureder, hoping to reach the exit forwards she got trapped back here. How long until he gets to the Pod Five entrance?The guard paused. Maam, you dont understand. Im still fast-forwarding. This is recorded playback. This already happened. He paused. stick up on, let me check the entry event monitor. He paused and then said, Maam, Ms. Dunnes key card shows a Pod Five entry event about a minute ago.Katherine slammed on the brakes, sliding to a halt in the middle of the abyss. He already unlocked Pod Five? she whispered into the phone.The guard was typewriting frantically. Yes, it looks like he entered . . . ninety seconds ago.Katherines body went rigid . She stopped breathing. The darkness felt suddenly alive all around her.Hes in here with me.In an instant, Katherine realise that the only light in the entire space was coming from her cell phone, illuminating the side of her face. Send help, she whispered to the guard. And get to Wet Pod to help Trish. thus she quietly unkindly her phone, extinguishing the light. Absolute darkness settled around her.She s in like mannerd stock-still and breathed as quietly as possible. After a few seconds, the pungent scent of ethanol wafted out of the darkness in mien of her. The smell got stronger. She could sense a presence, only a few feet in front of her on the carpet. In the silence, the pounding of Katherines heart seemed loud enough to give her external. Silently, she stepped out of her shoes and inched to her left, sidestepping off the carpet. The cement felt cold under her feet. She in like mannerk one more step to clear the carpet.One of her toes cracked.It sounded like a gunshot in the stillness.Only a few yards away, a rustle of article of clothing suddenly came at her out of the darkness. Katherine bolted an instant too late and a powerful branch snagged her, groping in the darkness, hands violently attempting to gain purchase. She spun away as a viselike grip caught her lab coat, yanking her backward, reeling her in.Katherine threw her arms backward, slithering out of her lab coat and slipping free. of a sudden, with no idea anymore which way was out, Katherine Solomon found herself dashing, dead blind, across an endless black abyss. CHAPTER 46Despite containing what many have called the most beautiful room in the world, the Library of relation is known less for its breathtaking splendor than for its vast collections. With over five hundred miles of shelvesenough to stretch from Washington, D.C., to Bostonit easily claims the title of largest library on earth. And yet still it expands, at a rate of over ten thousand items per day.As an early repositor y for Thomas Jeffersons personal collection of books on science and philosophy, the library stood as a symbol of Americas commitment to the dissemination of knowledge. One of the first buildings in Washington to have electric lights, it literally shone like a beacon in the darkness of the New World.As its name implies, the Library of Congress was established to serve Congress, whose venerated members worked across the street in the Capitol Building. This passee bond between library and Capitol had been fortified recently by the construction of a physical connectiona long tunnel beneath independency Avenue that linked the two buildings. Tonight, inside this dimly lit tunnel, Robert Langdon followed rabbit warren Bellamy through a construction zone, trying to quell his own deepening advert for Katherine. This lunatic is at her lab? Langdon didnt even want to imagine why. When he had called to warn her, Langdon had told Katherine exactly where to meet him before they hung up. How muc h longer is this damned tunnel? His head ached now, a roiling torrent of interconnected thoughts Katherine, Peter, the Masons, Bellamy, pyramids, ancient prophecy . . . and a map.Langdon shook it all off and pressed on. Bellamy promised me answers.When the two men lastly reached the end of the passage, Bellamy guided Langdon through a set of double doors that were still under construction. Finding no way to lock the unfinished doors cigarette them, Bellamy improvised, grabbing an aluminum ladder from the construction supplies and leaning it precariously against the international of the door. Then he balanced a metal bucket on top. If anyone opened the door, the bucket would bang loudly to the floor.Thats our alarm system? Langdon eyed the perched bucket, hoping Bellamy had a more comprehensive plan for their safety tonight. Everything had happened so fast, and Langdon was only now starting to process the repercussions of his fleeing with Bellamy. Im a fugitive from the CIA.Bellam y led the way around a corner, where the two men began ascending a wide staircase that was cordoned off with orange pylons. Langdons daybag weighed him down as he clim keister. The stone pyramid, he said, I still dont understandNot here, Bellamy interrupted. Well examine it in the light. I know a safe place.Langdon doubted such a place existed for anyone who had just physically assaulted the director of the CIAs Office of Security.As the two men reached the top of the stairs, they entered a wide hallway of Italian marble, stucco, and gold leaf. The hall was lined with eight pairs of statuesall depicting the goddess Minerva. Bellamy pressed on, leading Langdon eastward, through a vaulted archway, into a far grander space. dismantle in the dim, after-hours lighting, the librarys great hall shone with the classical grandeur of an opulent European palace. Seventy-five feet viewgraph, stained-glass skylights glistened between paneled beams adorned with rare aluminum leafa metal that was considered to be more precious than gold at one time. Beneath that, a stately course of paired pillars lined the second-floor balcony, accessible by two regal curling staircases whose newel posts supported giant bronze female figures raising torches of attainment.In a bizarre attempt to reflect this theme of modern enlightenment and yet stay within the decorative register of Renaissance architecture, the stairway banisters had been carved with cupidlike putti portrayed as modern scientists. An angelic electrician holding a telephone? A cherubic entomologist with a ideal box? Langdon wondered what Bernini would have thought. Well talk over here, Bellamy said, leading Langdon past the bulletproof display cases that contained the librarys two most valuable booksthe Giant Bible of Mainz, handwritten in the 1450s, and Americas copy of the Gutenberg Bible, one of only three perfect vellum copies in the world. Fittingly, the vaulted ceiling overhead bore John White Alexanders six-panel painting titled The Evolution of the Book.Bellamy strode directly to a pair of elegant double doors at the center rear of the east-corridor wall. Langdon knew what room lay beyond those doors, but it seemed a strange choice for a conversation. Notwithstanding the irony of talking in a space filled with privacy Please signs, this room hardly seemed like a safe place. Located dead center of the librarys cruciform- shaped floor plan, this chamber served as the heart of the building. covert in here was like breaking into a cathedral and hiding on the altar.Nonetheless, Bellamy unlocked the doors, stepped into the darkness beyond, and groped for the lights. When he flipped the switch, one of Americas great architectural masterpieces seemed to chance out of thin air.The famous reading room was a feast for the senses. A voluminous octagon rose 160 feet at its center, its eight sides finished in chocolate-brown Tennessee marble, cream-colored Siena marble, and apple-red Algerian marble. Because it was lit from eight angles, no shadows fell anywhere, creating the effect that the room itself was glowing.Some say its the most striking room in Washington, Bellamy said, ushering Langdon inside.Maybe in the whole world, Langdon thought as he stepped across the threshold. As always, his gaze first ascended straight up to the towering central collar, where rays of arabesque coffers curled down the bean plant to an upper balcony. Encircling the room, sixteen bronze portrait statues peered down from the balustrade. Beneath them, a stunning arcade of archways formed a lower balcony. Down at floor level, three c formerlyntric circles of burnished wood desks radiated out from the massive octagonal circulation desk.Langdon returned his focus to Bellamy, who was now propping the rooms double doors wide open. I thought we were hiding, Langdon said, confused.If anyone enters the building, Bellamy said, I want to hear them coming.But wont they find us instantly in here?No matter w here we hide, theyll find us. But if anyone corners us in this building, youll be very glad I chose this room.Langdon had no idea why, but Bellamy apparently wasnt looking to discuss it. He was already on the move toward the center of the room, where he selected one of the available reading desks, pulled up two chairs, and flipped on the reading light. Then he motioned to Langdons bag. Okay, Professor, lets have a closer look.Not wanting to lay on the line scratching its polished surface with a rough piece of granite, Langdon hoisted his entire bag onto the desk and unzipped it, folding the sides all the way down to reveal the pyramid inside. Warren Bellamy adjusted the reading lamp and studied the pyramid carefully. He ran his fingers over the unusual engraving.I assume you recognize this vocabulary? Bellamy asked.Of course, Langdon replied, eyeing the sixteen symbols.Known as the Freemasons Cipher, this encoded language had been used for private communication among early Masonic brothers. The encryption method had been abandoned long ago for one simple reasonit was much too easy to break. Most of the students in Langdons senior symbology seminar could break this code in about five minutes. Langdon, with a pencil and paper, could do it in under 60 seconds.The notorious breakability of this centuries-old encryption scheme now presented a couple of paradoxes. First, the claim that Langdon was the only person on earth who could break it was absurd. Second, for Sato to suggest that a Masonic cipher was an issue of national security was like her suggesting our nuclear launch codes were encrypted with a Cracker Jack decoder ring. Langdon was still struggling to turn over any of it. This pyramid is a map? Pointing to the lost wisdom of the ages?Robert, Bellamy said, his tone grave. Did Director Sato tell you why she is so interested in this?Langdon shook his head. Not specifically. She just kept saying it was an issue of national security. I assume shes lying.Pe rhaps, Bellamy said, rubbing the back of his neck. He seemed to be struggling with something. But there is a far more troubling possibility. He turned to look Langdon in the eye. Its possible that Director Sato has discovered this pyramids true potential.CHAPTER 47The blackness engulfing Katherine Solomon felt absolute.Having fled the known safety of the carpet, she was now groping blindly forward, her outstretched hands touching only empty space as she staggered deeper into the desolate void. Beneath her stockinged feet, the endless expanse of cold cement felt like a frozen lake . . . a hostile environment from which she now needed to escape.No longer olfactory modality ethanol, she stopped and waited in darkness. Standing dead still, she listened, willing her heart to stop pounding so loudly. The heavy footsteps behind her seemed to have stopped. Did I lose him? Katherine closed her eyes and tried to imagine where she was. Which direction did I run? Where is the door? It was no use. She was so turned around now that the exit could be anywhere.Fear, Katherine had once comprehend, acted as a stimulant, sharpening the minds ability to think. Right now, however, her fear had turned her mind into a tumbling torrent of panic and confusion. Even if I find the exit, I cant get out. Her key card had been lost when shed shed her lab coat. Her only hope seemed to be that she was now a needle in a cricka single point on a thirty- thousand-square-foot grid. Despite the overwhelming urge to flee, Katherines analytical mind told her instead to make the only logical moveno move at all. Stay still. Dont make a sound. The security guard was on his way, and for some unknown reason, her attacker smelled strongly of ethanol. If he gets too close, Ill know it.As Katherine stood in silence, her mind raced over what Langdon had said. Your brother . . . hes been taken. She felt a bead of cold sweat materialize on her arm and trickle down, toward the cell phone still clenched in her right hand. It was a danger she had forgotten to consider. If the phone rang, it would give away her position, and she could not turn it off without opening it and illuminating the display.Set down the phone . . . and move away from it.But it was too late. The smell of ethanol approached on her right. And now it grew stronger. Katherine struggled to stay calm, forcing herself to repeal the instinct to run. Carefully, slowly, she took one step to her left. The faint rustle of her clothing was apparently all her attacker needed. She heard him lunge, and the smell of ethanol washed over her as a powerful hand grabbed at her shoulder. She twisted away, raw t flaw gripping her. Mathematical probability went out the window, and Katherine broke into a blind sprint. She veered hard to the left, changing course, dashing blindly now into the void.The wall materialized out of nowhere.Katherine hit it hard, knocking the wind from her lungs. Pain blossomed in her arm and shoulder, but she managed to stay on her feet. The oblique angle at which she had collided with the wall had spared her the full force of the blow, but it was little comfort now. The sound had echoed everywhere. He knows where I am. Doubled over in pain, she turned her head and stared out into the blackness of the pod and sensed him staring back at her.Change your location. NowStill struggling to catch her breath, she began moving down the wall, touching her left hand quietly to each exposed steel stud as she passed. Stay along the wall. Slip past him before he corners you. In her right hand, Katherine still clutched her cell phone, ready to hurl it as a projectile if need be.Katherine was in no way vigilant for the sound she heard nextthe clear rustle of clothing directly in front of her . . . against the wall. She froze, stock-still, and stopped breathing. How could he be on the wall already? She felt a faint puff of air, laced with the stench of ethanol. Hes moving down the wall toward meKatherin e backed up several steps. Then, turning silently clxxx degrees, she began moving quickly in the opposite direction down the wall. She moved twenty feet or so when the impossible happened. Once again, directly in front of her, along the wall, she heard the rustling sound of clothing. Then came the same puff of air and the smell of ethanol. Katherine Solomon froze in place.My God, hes everywhereBare-chested, Malakh stared into the darkness.The smell of ethanol on his sleeves had prove a liability, and so he had transformed it into an asset, stripping off his shirt and jacket and using them to help corner his prey. Throwing his jacket against the wall to the right, he had heard Katherine stop short and change direction. Now, having thrown his shirt ahead to the left, Malakh had heard her stop again. He had effectively corralled Katherine against the wall by establishing points beyond which she dared not pass.Now he waited, ears straining in the silence. She has only one direction sh e can movedirectly toward me. Even so, Malakh heard nothing. Either Katherine was paralyzed with fear, or she had stubborn to stand still and wait for help to enter Pod 5. Either way she loses. Nobody would be entering Pod 5 anytime soon Malakh had alter the outer keypad with a very crude, yet very effective, technique. After using Trishs key card, he had rammed a single dime deep into the key-card time slot to prevent any other key-card use without first dismantling the entire mechanism.You and I are alone, Katherine . . . for as long as this takes.Malakh inched silently forward, listening for any movement. Katherine Solomon would die tonight in the darkness of her brothers museum. A poetic end. Malakh looked forward to sharing the news of Katherines death with her brother. The old mans anguish would be long- awaited revenge.Suddenly in the darkness, to Malakhs great surprise, he saw a tiny glow in the distance and realized Katherine had just made a deadly error in judgment. Shes phoning for help? The electronic display that had just flickered to life was hovering waist high, about twenty yards ahead, like a shining beacon on a vast ocean of black. Malakh had been prepared to wait Katherine out, but now he wouldnt have to.Malakh sprang into motion, racing toward the hovering light, knowing he had to reach her before she could complete her call for help. He was there in a matter of seconds, and he lunged, arms outstretched on either side of her glowing cell phone, preparing to engulf her.Malakhs fingers pack into a solid wall, bending backward and almost breaking. His head collided next, crashing into a steel beam. He cried out in pain as he tumble beside the wall. Cursing, he clambered back to his feet, pulling himself up by the waist-high, horizontal strut on which Katherine Solomon had cleverly placed her open cell phone.Katherine was running again, this time with no concern for the noise her hand was making as it bounced rhythmically off the evenly spa ced metal studs of Pod 5. Run If she followed the wall all the way around the pod, she knew that sooner or later she would feel the exit door.Where the hell is the guard?The even spacing of the studs continued as she ran with her left hand on the sidewall and her right out in front of her for protection. When will I reach the corner? The sidewall seemed to go on and on, but suddenly the rhythm of the studs was broken. Her left hand hit empty space for several long strides, and then the studs began again. Katherine slammed on the brakes and backed up, feeling her way across the smooth metal panel. why are there no studs here?She could hear her attacker lumbering loudly after her now, groping his way down the wall in her direction. Even so, it was a different sound that scared Katherine even morethe distant rhythmic banging of a security guard pounding his flashlight against the Pod 5 door.The guard cant get in?While the thought was terrifying, the location of his bangingdiagonally to her rightinstantly oriented Katherine. She could now picture where in Pod 5 she was located. The visual flash brought with it an unexpected realization. She now knew what this flat panel on the wall was.Every pod was equipped with a specimen baya giant movable wall that could be retracted for transporting oversize specimens in and out of the pods. Like those of an airplane hangar, this door was mammoth, and Katherine in her wildest dreams had never imagined needing to open it. At the moment, though, it seemed like her only hope.Is it even operable?Katherine fumbled blindly in the blackness, searching the bay door until she found the large metal handle. seizing it, she threw her weight backward, trying to slide open the door. Nothing. She tried again. It didnt budge.She could hear her attacker closing faster now, homing in on the sounds of her efforts. The bay door is locked excited with panic, she slid her hands all over the door, feeling the surface for any latch or lever. She s uddenly hit what felt like a vertical pole. She followed it down to the floor, crouching, and could feel it was inserted into a hole in the cement. A security rod She stood up, grabbed the pole, and, lifting with her legs, slid the rod up and out of the hole.Hes almost hereKatherine groped now for the handle, found it again, and heaved back on it with all her might. The massive panel seemed barely to move, and yet a sliver of moonlight now sliced into Pod 5. Katherine pulled again. The shaft of light from outside the building grew wider. A little more She pulled one last time, sensing her attacker was now only a few feet away.Leaping toward the light, Katherine wriggled her slender body sideways into the opening. A hand materialized in the darkness, clawing at her, trying to pull her back inside. She heaved herself through the opening, pursued by a massive bare arm that was covered with tattooed scales. The terrifying arm writhed like an angry snake trying to seize her.Katherine spu n and fled down the long, pale outer wall of Pod 5. The bed of loose stones that surrounded the entire perimeter of the SMSC cut into her stockinged feet as she ran, but she pressed on, heading for the main entrance. The night was dark, but with her eyes fully dilated from the utter blackness of Pod 5, she could see perfectlyalmost as if it were daylight. Behind her, the heavy bay door ground open, and she heard heavy footsteps accelerating in pursuit down the side of the building. The footsteps seemed impossibly fast.Ill never outrun him to the main entrance. She knew her Volvo was closer, but even that would be too far. Im not going to make it.Then Katherine realized she had one final card to play.As she neared the corner of Pod 5, she could hear his footsteps quickly overtaking her in the darkness. Now or never. Instead of round the corner, Katherine suddenly cut hard to her left, away from the building, out onto the grass. As she did so, she closed her eyes tightly, placed both hands over her face, and began running totally blind across the lawn.The motion-activated security lighting that blazed to life around Pod 5 transformed night into day instantly. Katherine heard a scream of pain behind her as the brilliant floodlights seared into her assailants hyper dilated pupils with over twenty-five-million candlepower of light. She could hear him stumbling on the loose stones.Katherine kept her eyes tightly closed, trusting herself on the open lawn. When she sensed she was far enough away from the building and the lights, she opened her eyes, corrected her course, and ran like hell through the dark.Her Volvos keys were exactly where she always left them, in the center console. Breathless, she seized the keys in her trembling hands and found the ignition. The engine roared to life, and her headlights flipped on, illuminating a terrifying sight.A hideous form raced toward her.Katherine froze for an instant.The creature caught in her headlights was a bald and bar e-chested animal, its skin covered with tattooed scales, symbols, and text. He bellowed as he ran into the glare, raising his hands before his eyes like a cave-dwelling beast seeing sunlight for the first time. She reached for the shifter but suddenly he was there, hurling his elbow through her side window, sending a shower of safety glass into her lap.A massive scale-covered arm burst through her window, groping half blind, finding her neck. She threw the car in reverse, but her attacker had latched on to her throat, squeezing with unimaginable force. She turned her head in an attempt to escape his grasp, and suddenly she was staring at his face. Three dark stripes, like fingernail scratches, had torn through his face makeup to reveal the tattoos beneath. His eyes were wild and ruthless.I should have killed you ten years ago, he growled. The night I killed your mother.As his words registered, Katherine was seized by a horrifying memory that feral look in his eyesshe had seen it be fore. Its him. She would have screamed had it not been for the viselike grip around her neck.She smashed her foot onto the accelerator, and the car lurched backward, almost snapping her neck as he was dragged beside her car. The Volvo careened up an inclined median, and Katherine could feel her neck about to give way beneath his weight. Suddenly tree branches were scraping the side of her car, slapping through the side windows, and the weight was gone.The car burst through the evergreens and out into the upper parking lot, where Katherine slammed on the brakes. Below her, the half-naked man clambered to his feet, staring into her headlights. With a terrifying calm, he raised a black scale-covered arm and pointed directly at her. Katherines blood coursed with raw fear and hatred as she spun the wheel and hit the gas. Seconds later, she was fishtailing out onto Silver Hill Road.

Unbelievable Horrors

Aorta Criminal Justice Administration 201 American Military University Skinnier Nikkei Abstract In recent years, the lawmakers and immoral Justice experts gravel conveyed alarm regarding the g actors lineing prison house world in elder prisons, along with the crumbling prison structures housing these inmates. While a majority of individuals agree this issue warrants immediate attention, the concurrence diminishes about how to polish this problem.A review of decisions set into place with laws, it has become clear that fiscal confinements of elder prisons bear become unperceivable barriers to the bargaining table. The paper comp bes the cost of renovating elder prisons to the cost of creating new facilities. This autopsy of decisions delves into the financial aspects of closing start hoaryer structures and whether or not it was cost beneficial. The numerous facilities coming into the over-the-hill age require an colossal examination to prevent pecuniary waste in the future. A Review of Decisions The dark side of good-will has existed for millennia. nigh would contend that murder is the darkest, vial atrocity blanketing humanity. From the first documented Biblical fratricide involving Cain and Able, to recent homicides plaguing the media outlets, piece has struggled to prevent these unbelievable horrors and reprimand the convicted. Society did not want these individuals roaming freely, as their unspeakable crimes invoked fear in the mind of every law-abiding citizen. Thus, structures were erected to cage the criminals and further prevent crimes against humanity. As time went on, much and more(prenominal) structures were needed to house the influx of criminals.Existing facilities were running beyond capacity and some were in deed of appalling repair. The question put forth was, Is it financially practical to renovate vivacious structures or to build wholly new ones? Additional cost factors, such as food, clothing, healthcargon, and educational programs, were itemized and incorporated into that equation. Converting elder prisons with substantial monetary confinements may and may not be the best practical solution. Looking into the closure of the easterly submit penitentiary the following questions can be answered 1 .Was it practical to close the Eastern State punitory? 2. Is it financially beneficial to e-open the Eastern State punitory? 3. Why build new facilities? 4. What are the plans for devoted U. S. Prisons? Understanding the true reason for this prison closure could answer future questions regarding taking a zeal out of operation. Whether it is a court-ordered ruling due to cruel and odd punishment or asbestos issues creating a health concern, it is necessary to truly evaluate the closure and expose monetary waste. Incarceration as a appoint of punishment was first documented in the 1st millennia BC in the early civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt. Suspected or guilty criminals awaited their stopping poi nt sentence or command to become a slave in undercover facilities labeled dungeons. The Ancient Romans adopted even harsher methods of incarceration by building prisons exclusively underground with tight walkways and cells in pitch darkness. (Prison History. N. D. ). Time gave way to incarceration reform and the worlds first true prison, the Eastern State penitential, was opened in 1829.Abandoning corporal punishment and harsh treatment of the inmates, the Eastern State Penitentiary was designed with complete and solitary confinement in mind to alp the criminal move to reflection and channelize their criminal ways. Was it practical to close the Eastern State Penitentiary? Situated on 11 the three estates near downtown Philadelphia, PA, the Eastern State Penitentiary was considered the most expensive American building during the sasss and briefly became the most famous prison in the world.The design, oclock wings radiating outward from a central rotunda, allowed severally ocloc k with central heat, running water, a flush toilet, and a skylight. Additionally, each oclock had an adjacent private out gate exercise yard contained by a 10-foot high wall. (U. S. History. Org. N. D. ). Originally build to hold 300 inmates, by the sasss, it was forced to house over 2,000. due(p) to the costs of the inflated prison population, the subsequent cells, even those built underground, did not have skylights, lighting, or flushing toilets.By the sasss, over 130 years after it was erected, the Eastern State Penitentiary was outdated and in need of extensive repairs. The neo-Gothic exterior has weathered the tests of time however, the electrical and mechanical systems at heart of the prison walls were deteriorating. The monetary resources needed to ring the structure back to its momentum were too vast and in 1971, the state of Pennsylvania unsympathetic the doors to the once famous prison. (Woodman, 2008). Is it financially beneficial to re-open the Eastern State Penit entiary?The city of Philadelphia, PA acquired the title to the Eastern State Penitentiary for $400,000 in 1984. Plans for redevelopment of the site were halted by pleas to then-Mayor Goode and all proposals were rejected for commercial use. In 1988, the first limited tours were given at the abandoned prison. The pew Charitable Trusts held fundraisers to obtain financial resources for the delivery of the National Historic Landmark. These efforts began in 1991. (Easterner. Org, n. D. ) The trickle of silver into the preservation and restoration of the prison filtered in at a snails pace.With the help of another fundraiser, the Eastern State embossed over $5 million dollars in 2009. According to Annie Major, author of Do We Really Still lease the Eastern State Penitentiary? , states $2 million dollars of the $5 million was spent to conserve the prison synagogue, the Brillion millions, the print-shop roof, ND sections of the floor, perimeter wall and lights. (Major, 2011). ( 1 of the reasons the prison closed was due to the electrical systems needing repair. She expresses concern with the constant money pit of renovations, Just to keep the prison alive for the sake of tours. She feels at this rate, the Eastern State could be a century-long, multi-million dollar project one that will leave in our midst a full restored, inoperative 19th-century prison. The plan is not to re-build the prison but the end goal is to keep it in a maintainable ruin. According to the website, Radiochemical. Mom, the prison is a safe place to be since it is so old it has no lead paint or asbestos. (Radiochemical. Com, n. D. ).Imagining the repairs that were completed with $2 million dollars, it isnt difficult to figure out that the costs of bringing the prison back to a full-scale operational facility would allot less monetary resources than building a completely new prison. With the absence of asbestos and lead, thereby depleting the need for even more financial resources, bringi ng the prison back to handle over-crowding in other locations may not take as much money as once suspected. However, that isnt what is currently planned for the state of Pennsylvania. Why build new facilities?The current Governor of Pennsylvania, Tom Corbett, and the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections Secretary John Went have allocated $400 million dollars on two 4,100-bed facilities and construction has already begun. The elder prison these two are replacing, Aggregated, had accepted the inmates from Eastern State. Governor Corbett and Secretary Wendell will not release the figures it would take to renovate Aggregated, notwithstanding stating that the state of Pennsylvania will save money by alluding more efficient facilities. (Decelerate PA, n. D. ). The monetary costs of renovating the Eastern State Penitentiary has also been withheld.In the sasss, when the decision was made to close the structure, the future prison population was unforeseen. Although, based on Eastern Stat es experience with over-crowding, officials at that time knew there would not be passable space to house the influx of inmates. Yet, looking into the possibility of turning the Eastern State Penitentiary into a super-Max prison or a facility house only those on Pennsylvania death row would have been reviewed. The Eastern State prison could also have been used to house only those individuals for short-run prison sentences or the most violent, repeat offenders the state of Pennsylvania has witnessed.Now, there are two existing structures that could very well be renovated at a fraction of the costs of two new facilities. One is still in operation and the other is only open for familiar tours. Factor in the yearbook operate costs statewide of all Pennsylvania prisons, there is a need to drastically tick waste and prevent unnecessary correctional structures. The fiscal year of 2010 brought about a $1. 6 trillion dollar price tag for Pennsylvania prison expenditures. 22% of this fig ure was outside of the normal prisons operating costs. (Vera. Org, 2012).The average cost, per year, to house over 48,000 inmates was $42,339 per inmate. Adding to the $1. 6 billion dollars is the $400 million for two new facilities, thereby costing the average taxpayer over $3,000. (Vera. Org, 2012). Looking at other ways to significantly decrease the burdens move on the taxpayers by housing, feeding, educating, and reforming the ballooning prison population, there needs to be a more perfect(a) examination into allocating millions of dollars for new prisons instead of renovating existing structures. What are the plans for abandoned U. S. Prisons?Numerous prison facilities nationwide have been closed and/or abandoned in favor of more modern and spacious correctional facilities. Some of these locations have turned into utter wastelands. Take for instance, the Old Essex County Prison in Newark, N. J. As a will to time, the unabated decay has turned into a haven of drug addicts findi ng refuge in the old prison cells. Condemning the property will not reverent serious injury or death and its negligence is far too severe to be restored structurally. Another location that sits idle is the former molybdenum State Penitentiary.This prison opened its doors in 1831 and was fully operational for 168 years. (Longer than the Eastern State Penitentiary. ) It finally closed its doors in 2004. The monetary confinements by the state prevented any type of serious renovations and public tours began in 2006. (As of 01 October 2013, the public tours have been suspended due to a site assessment finding mold in sections of the prison. ) Due to the state of Missouri lading the title to the property and a dwindling economy, the future looks very bare(a) for the bloodiest 47 acres west of the Mississippi. Lastly, the West Virginia State Penitentiary in Mountainside, W. V. Opened for operations 1876. through its history, the West Virginia State Penitentiary made the United States De partment of Corrections Top Ten close Violent Correctional Facilities. In 1986, the West Virginia State Supreme Court ruled that the ex. foots cells were deemed cruel and unusual punishment. 9 years later, in 1995, the West Virginia State Penitentiary closed its doors for good. Today, public tours of the facility are the only operations occurring at this once notorious prison.As structures age and the prison population continues to increase, more and more facilities are being ushered in to deal with this revolving door off problem. Left in the wake are structurally sound buildings with very little to no use to the state or the cities they sit in. opposite than daily public tours and haunted houses every Halloween, these buildings could have potential to save the taxpayers of the state millions of dollars annually. Instead of uneconomical spending to build new facilities, existing ones an be renovated to comply with current federal and state laws at half the cost.

Partisan polarization in the congress Essay

The state custodyt truism that the Policymaking in sexual congress has been increasingly plagued by backer polarization is very true. To living this fact we keister know a look at the evidences available to us in the form of the chaos and remaining passport of the bills. Actually, each year the Congress is expected to pass nearly 13 bills, which funds the performance of the federal government. It should be written, debated and then be passed in both the houses and get the consent signature of the chair. If this does not happens than the government is expected to have shut down. Thus, a regular exertion of these bills year after year proves the prudish procedures confirmation working in the Congress. Its movement helps in studying the members behavior overtime and how changes in orientations affect the legislative body in the law making process. backer Polarization in the CongressBy ally we mean a one-sided or biased decision making of near people like the politicians in the interest of their own policy-making party without taking into view of the national interest. Polarization is a move that these political parties be from centrist to extreme political positions. The motive behind enthusiast polarization is not just to keep an incommode before the legislature but to gain the reliance of a definite section of society so that they cast vote in their favor during the future elections. For instance, A Muslim deporting lobby in the Congress al expressions supports the decision-makings in the favor of most(prenominal) Muslim countries. Like a lobby of Muslims in the Congress al meanss cast their vote in favor of giving Pakistan, huge chunk of financial aid.In the recent days, one more ally Polarization has been seen in the Presidents comment. Through out the ruling period the President of coupled States, George Bush, has been supporting India on nuclear issues, but during the end of his reign he came under the pressure of Partisan polari zation and announced Indian middle class as the root rationality of Inflation in the whole homo. His stand was that Indian middle class is getting wealthier day by day, and their number is very much more than the whole population of joined States. But the fact is that Indians faces more problems regarding malnutrition, millions of people do not even get all three times meal. While the corn used in get together States to make petrol can feed a whole family for one year. The percentage of wastage of food and other(a)(a) items is much more as comp ard to Indians.Thus here temper flares and partisan spirit provokes new aversion among the Indians and the Americans, raising up people who have patience and restraints. Thus these kinds of statement increases partisan polarization in unify States.Causes of Partisan Polarization in the United StatesA number of causes of partisan polarization have been observed in the United States. Among them the most common are as follows.A. Ethnic o r spectral violence. That is a not so note worthy issue is highlighted again and again to get the eudaimonia in the upcoming elections. For instance, the scandal of Bill Clinton came before the public during his upcoming election campaign. It shows clearly that the issue of ethics was highlighted with the view to destroy the image of Bill Clinton, aiming him to loose elections. Similarly if a religious oncoming occur between twain sects than the political leaders does not act as negotiators but as the leg pullers which in turn resolutenesss in more violence, distrust and spread hatred.B. Counter-violence that whitethorn occur in reaction to the ethnic violence or religious violence. In case a sect of society has suffered due to religious violence and the ruling party is still quite than the event in increased anger among the people and the counter violence emerges resulting in chaos in the area.C. policy-making leaders aiming to win next election make such(prenominal) comment s which flair a whimsy of unhappiness or may even result in anger between the two parties, countries or two sections of society. The main motive is still to get more votes and not the benefit of any section of society.D. Changes in electoral system, made by the ruling party, likewise become the cause of partisan polarization. Actually by doing this, an attempt is made to benefit a section of society supporters than the median voter.United States is a ground wherein people from around the world come in search of food, job and wealth. Either its Asian or African, Either European or Latin American both country resident wants to come to United States to test his/her fate. Due to this reason the population of the migrants has been increasing in the United States. The result is that these migrants try to make their own lobby in the Congress. Every sect of society tries to preserve its own interest going away behind the national issues and profit of the nation. And the political leade r becomes the puppet in their hands and tries to achieve their macro level goals.Therefore to preserve the interest various group of people a lobby of every country, caste or religion has made its own place in the Congress of the United States. So, whenever a policy making body starts working, each lobby tries to effect the decision making process. The purpose is to touch on it as much as it benefits their specific interest. The fact is that due to different parties and their different ideologies, every party wants to impose its own willing and shape the upcoming legislative decision as per their own comfort.Ideologies of the political parties leading to partisan polarizationThe Ideologies of the major two political parties has also become the root cause of partisan polarization in the United States. The Republicans are always in favor of controlling the internationalist politics through their imperialist thinking. While the other big political party, the Democrats wants to see t he whole world changing in to a democratic state. And to achieve their goals both the political parties takes such decision which were not necessarily required but in turn results in a heavy loss of men and money to the country.During the reign of Bill Clinton (Democrat President), a lot of financial aid was given to Asian countries to engender Democracy in their countries. Pakistan military cue, Nepal Maoist movement etc all were discouraged by the president of United States and money was spent in the form of financial aid to force these countries to bring back democracy.On the other side, George Bush (Republican President), made country fought the battle in Afghanistan, Iraq and now playing mind games with Iran. The result was again loss of money and this time loss of men too. Due to this over expenditure on the treasury of United States, the country is facing many financial problems. The stock market has depreciated, Inflation start up, slow down in the emanation of the countr y has been confirmed. And now the over expenditure has resulted in lesser money available to take the country of this problem. The increasing prices of daily commodities are also adding fuel against the founder government. The other problems faced by the country is rising unemployment and depleting standard of living of the common people. All this and more may be expected just because the ideologies of these political parties and politicians do not think for Americans.Effects of Partisan PolarizationThe result of partisan polarization is that major decisions for the necessary progress of the country has to face excess delays. The legislative assembly has to face major set backs while framing different policies. The policy makers also faces difficulties in bringing out the legislation as the lobbies in the house effects adversely the movement of the bill, and delay in passing of the specific may prove futile. The 13 appropriations or the spending bills that necessitate to be passe d swiftly, faces difficulty to pass in both the houses, especially the Senate.Not only that at that place are rumors in the general public regarding bribery taking of the elected members of the legislative for delaying or hindering the progress of certain bills. The politicians are mainly considered responsible by the public for making unnecessary delays in the policy-making framework and slowing down process of passing bills. Some people even think that these delay-making politicians has taken bribes from the enemies of the country so as to slow down the progress of the nation. Thus the loosing faith of the public is another(prenominal) result of Partisan polarization.Wastage of time and money is another result of Partisan Polarization. The limited time of sitting of Congress gets penniless due to unnecessary delays. And finally the president gets the power to sign the bill without proper discussion in both the houses. Not only that, a lot of money also gets wasted due to unnece ssary delays in the decision making process.Solutions to end Partisan polarizationTo end the Partisan Polarization, the Brookings Institution along with the Hoover Institution will host a discussion on partisan polarization in the United States and its effect on foreign policy on 30th November 2008. This way this institution will try to figure out the root causes and the possible solutions to this problem. The politicians mistakes will be highlighted and kept before the Congress and solutions will be discussed.The solution to this problem is through arising of the feeling among the countrymen regarding countrys first and people later type of feeling in the politicians. Politicians must regard that the interest of the nation is much, much more important that there personal interest. And if by any way their interest has to face some drawbacks than in that case making lobbies and bringing obstacles in the way of passing a specific bill may prove to be anti-national step. So if you hav e to give up something for your beloved country than kindly dont hesitate and take time in doing so as you owe a lot the country.Congress has also resorted to new measures to ensure the passage of bills to be easier and faster. Firstly it has packaged the bill in the form of Omnibus, so as to broaden their base of support and easier movement in both the houses. Secondly, the number of earmarks has also been increased, so as to provide an additional support for the safe and quick passage of the bill. Normally this Omnibus bill is not meant towards the majority party resource than other spending bills in the past. Reason being the final product needs to be negotiated with president and needs the prior approval of the president. But in case of Unified government, Omnibus bills actually do provide opportunity for Partisan polarization for the majority party that can enact its own preference in the lawmaking process.The politicians responsible for making unnecessary delays should not be allowed to sit and vote in the Congress meeting. He/she should be asked to get re-elected and prove his/her true position at that point of time. alike a lesson regarding a responsibility towards the country and the countrymen should be given to all the politicians. Making Pamphlets, social meetings and other methods can do this. By improving the policy makers we can expect the bills to be passed easier and the country in the direction of progress.Also through legislation, a bill should be passed to avoid any unnecessary delays in the bills of national importance. Any politician trying to bring undue hindrance in the way of such important bill should not get the right to vote for that certain bill.ConclusionThere is sure enough no point in loosing time and money due to partisan polarization. The progress of country should be considered more important than a persons own interest. Moreover the politicians of today should realize their mistakes and that they should not forget their re sponsibility towards the country and the countrymen in wake of earning more and more money. Number of solutions are seek to make an attempt to the problem of partisan polarization but until whole nation unites and speaks against it collectively there wont be any benefit coming out of it.