How to Make Flavored and Colored Rock Candy

Rock candy is another name for sugar or sucrose crystals. Making your own rock candy is a fun and tasty way to grow crystals and see the structure of sugar on a big scale. Sugar crystals in granulated sugar display a monoclinic form, but you can see the shape much better in homegrown large crystals. This recipe is for rock candy that you can eat. You can color and flavor the candy, too. Materials Basically, all you need to make rock candy is sugar and hot water. The color of your crystals will depend on the type of sugar you use (raw sugar is more golden than refined granulated sugar) and whether or not you add coloring. Any food-grade colorant will work. 3 cups sugar (sucrose)1 cup waterPanStove or microwaveOptional: food coloringOptional: 1/2 to1 teaspoons flavoring oil or extractCotton stringPencil or knifeClean glass jarOptional: Lifesaver candy Instructions Pour the sugar and water into the pan.Heat the mixture to a boil, stirring constantly. You want the sugar solution to hit boiling, but not get hotter or cook too long. If you overheat the sugar solution youll make hard candy, which is nice, but not what were going for here.Stir the solution until all the sugar has dissolved. The liquid will be clear or straw-colored, without any sparkly sugar. If you can get even more sugar to dissolve, thats good, too.If desired, you can add food coloring and flavoring to the solution. Mint, cinnamon, or lemon extract are good flavorings to try. Squeezing the juice from a lemon, orange, or lime is a way to give the crystals natural flavor, but the acid and other sugars in the juice may slow your crystal formation.Set the pot of sugar syrup in the refrigerator to cool. You want the liquid to be about 50 F (slightly cooler than room temperature). Sugar becomes less soluble as it cools, so chilling the mixture will make it so there is less chance of ac cidentally dissolving sugar you are about to coat on your string.While the sugar solution is cooling, prepare your string. You are using cotton string because it is rough and non-toxic. Tie the string to a pencil, knife, or another object that can rest across the top of the jar. You want the string to hang into the jar, but not touch the sides or bottom.You dont want to weight your string with anything toxic, so rather than use a metal object, you can tie a Lifesaver to the bottom of the string.Whether you are using the Lifesaver or not, you want to seed the string with crystals so that the rock candy will form on the string rather than on the sides and bottom of the jar. There are two easy ways to do this. One is to dampen the string with a little of the syrup you just made and dip the string in sugar. Another option is to soak the string in the syrup and then hang it to dry, which will cause crystals to form naturally (this method produces chunkier rock candy crystals).Once your s olution has cooled, pour it into the clean jar. Suspend the seeded string in the liquid. Set the jar somewhere quiet. You can cover the jar with a paper towel or coffee filter to keep the solution clean.Check on your crystals, but dont disturb them. You can remove them to dry and eat when you are satisfied with the size of your rock candy. Ideally, you want to allow the crystals to grow for 3 to 7 days.You can help your crystals grow by removing (and eating) any sugar crust that forms on top of the liquid. If you notice a lot of crystals forming on the sides and bottom of the container and not on your string, remove your string and set it aside. Pour the crystallized solution into a saucepan and boil/cool it (just like when you make the solution). Add it to a clean jar and suspend your growing rock candy crystals. Once the crystals are done growing, remove them and let them dry. The crystals will be sticky, so the best way to dry them is to hang them. If you plan to store the rock candy for any length of time, youll need to protect the outer surface from humid air. You can seal the candy in a dry container, dust the candy with a thin coating of cornstarch or confectioners sugar to reduce sticking, or lightly spritz the crystals with non-stick cooking spray.

Essay on Reducing Recidivism - 602 Words

Reducing Recidivism Education and vocational skills are mandatory in life. Education factors all aspects of life. Without a proper education one is limited to basic life rewards. Not to say that money is the only reason for an education, but it seems to be the force that drives offenders to keep offending. If one does not possess a basic education then the next best thing would be vocational training. Vocational training is an excellent way for some of the low educated people to get out of the life that put them in prison and to achieve a positive position in society. Education is the area that society needs to be concerned with, according to a study by Beck and Shipley . The study was†¦show more content†¦Clearly an education is an avenue that needs to be approached. If education were mandatory in prison, society would see these numbers in every state. Problems with recidivism do not rely with a criminal predisposition to commit crime, but with their lack of education to support their families and themselves. Vocational programs are excellent alternatives in the reduction of recidivism. When an offender is supplied with a job skill that will produce revenue in the civilian sector it should decrease the need for the offender to commit crime. This approach is addressing the cause of crime and not just the symptoms. The correctional field needs to go to the root of crime and start from there. The problem with recidivism is that the offender is subjected to a life of crime because that is all he knows and that is all he was ever taught. Convicted persons live a life of crime so long that is all they know how to do. A trade needs to be taught to them. In turn, the need to resume to a life of crime should be decreased. Of course this method will not work for everyone, especially the super predators, but it should work for the majority of offenders. A study of State CorrectionalShow MoreRelatedSimulation Strategies For Reducing Recidivism Risk1318 Words   |  6 PagesTaxman, F. S., Pattavina, A. (2013). Simulation Strategies to Reduce Recidivism Risk Need Responsivity (RNR) Modeling for the Criminal Justice System. New York, NY: Springer New York. Currently, there is little use of evidence-based programs or best practice within correctional settings. There is some consensus that offenders’ programs do not produce expected outcomes. Valid risk and assessment tools should be used, being able to identify is an offender is open to altering their behavior. UsingRead More What Works in Reducing Recidivism Essay2390 Words   |  10 Pagesaverage five-year recidivism rates of 404,638 prisoners released in 2005 is 76.6% among thirty states in America (Matthew, Alexia, Howard, 2014, p. 1). 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They areRead MoreJuveniles And The Adult Court Successfully Reducing Recidivism Essay1670 Words   |  7 Pages IS THE PRACTICE OF TRANSFERRING JUVENILES TO THE ADULT COURT SUCCESSFULLY REDUCING RECIDIVISM? Name Institution Date Recidivism can be defined as the reoccurrence of criminal behavior. Indicators of criminal behavior are re-arrests, re-convictions, and reincarcerations (Maxfield Babbie, 2006). The situation whereby a juvenile offender is tried as though they were an adult is known as a trial as an adult. It was actuated in the 1990s after a high number of reported brutal adolescentRead MoreReducing Recidivism Within The Correctional System1783 Words   |  8 PagesDiversion programs have evolved over time. There are countless programs available with which they all aim to reduce recidivism within the correctional system. We’re going to discuss fome of the programs and their effectiveness. One program that has become widely used is Gang Resistance Education And Training (G.R.E.A.T.). In 1991 the Phoenix PD along with local educators and community leaders, implemented a school-based, gang prevention pilot program. With the hope to reduce gang activity and teachRead MoreLong Term Effects Of Reentry Programs On Reducing Juvenile Recidivism Essay943 Words   |  4 Pages Long-term Effects of Reentry Programs On   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reducing Juvenile Recidivism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By: Tiffany Gilliam La Salle University PHLT 752: Capstone I Introduction Nearly, 5% of the world s population is represented by the United who possesses 25% of the world s prisoners (Liptak, 2008). Approximately 2.2 million prisoners are awaiting pre-trial and 1.6 million post-trial inmates are incarcerated in city, state, and federal prisonsRead MoreReducing Recidivism, Provide Treatment For Offenders, And Assist With Re Entry1185 Words   |  5 Pagesinfluence. There’s a solution that would help society and lessen overcrowding, and that’s to help those that are committing crimes due to an addiction disorder. In this paper, I will explore option’s that will help the growing population, reduce recidivism, provide treatment for offenders, and assist with re-entry. Substance use disorder is characterized by: the use of a mood or behavior altering substance in a maladaptive pattern resulting in significant impairment or distress, such as failure

Andrew Carnegie free essay sample

The following paper discusses the biography of Andrew Carnegie, an entrepreneur and founder of the American steel Industry, his life, the major influences and significance of his work and the impact of his life on others. Andrew Carnegie helped build the formidable American steel industry and then sold his steel business and systematically gave his collected fortune away to cultural, educational and scientific institutions for the improvement of mankind. This paper examines the way in which Carnegie, who was one of the first industrialists to use scientists to research his own business, came to be the wealthiest man of his time, in the world. During his final years, Carnegie spent most of his time in endeavors to promote world peace. He built both the Pan American Union building in Washington D.C. and the Hague Peace Palace, in the Netherlands to support international peace. The outbreak of World War I was devastating to him, and he died August 11, 1919 in Lenox, Massachusetts. We will write a custom essay sample on Andrew Carnegie or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By the time he died, Carnegie had given away $350,695,653 and had given another $30,000,000 to foundations, pensions and charities. Andrew Carnegie is considered one of the greatest philanthropists in the world and one of the wealthiest men who ever lived (http://www.carnegie.lib.oh.us/andrewcarnegie.htm).

The Quran Essay Example

The Quran Paper Quranic revelations are regarded by Muslims as the words of God, intended to correct any errors or differences in previous holy books such as the Old and New Testaments. The Quran specifically mentions that Muhammad was the messenger to the whole of mankind, and that he is the last messenger to be sent. The Quran is the final message that reiterates the basic religion God ordained for the Jews and the Christians, as well as the Muslims. Muslims also believe that the book was sent down to human kind in order to put everything into the correct perspective or position. The Quran was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad by God in Arabic. The Quran is regarded by Muslims as a book of signs not science although the Quran contains many scientific statements in various topics including embryology and the creation of the earth. The Qur’an teaches that everyone is equal in the sight of God regardless of their skin colour or their background. The Qur’an calls everyone to tawheed (oneness of God) and that there will be a time in which every human will be accountable for their action. Muslims believe that the Quran is different from all other books in ways that are impossible for any other book to be, such that similar texts cannot be written by humans. The Quran itself challenges any who disagree with its divine origin to produce a text of a miraculous nature. Scholars of Islam believe that its poetic form is unique and of a fashion that cannot be written by humans. We will write a custom essay sample on The Quran specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Quran specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Quran specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer There are 114 chapters in the Quran, which is written in the Arabic language. Out of the 114 chapters, 86 were revealed in the twelve years that the Prophet lived in Mecca after the revelation. The other 28 chapters were revealed in Medina. The longest chapter of the Quran is Surah Baqarah (The Cow) with 286 verses and the shortest is Surah Al-Kauthar (abundance) which has 3 verses. The Quran is sometimes divided into 30 roughly equal parts, known as ‘juz. These divisions make it easier for Muslims to read the Quran during the course of a month and many will read one juz each day, particularly during the month of Ramadan. Translations of the Quran exist in over 40 languages but Muslims are still taught to learn and recite it in Arabic, even if this is not their native language and they cannot converse in it. Translations are also considered by most Muslims as new versions of the book, rather than as translations in the conventional sense. In my opinion the Qur’an is a unique book due to the scientific statements which have been discovered recently using advanced technology. Beside that the Quran is also unique because of the structure and accuracy. One of the most remarkable things about the Quran is that it’s still the same book for the past 1400 years.

Celebrating Black History Month

Celebrating Black History Month While the accomplishments of African-Americans should be celebrated all year long, February is the month when we focus on their contributions to American society. Why We Celebrate Black History Month The roots of Black History month can be traced to the early part of the 20th century. In 1925, Carter G. Woodson, an educator and historian, began campaigning among schools, journals and black newspapers calling for a Negro History Week to be celebrated. This would honor the importance of black achievement and contribution in the United States. He was able to institute this Negro History Week in 1926 during the second week of February. This time was chosen because Abraham Lincolns and Frederick Douglass birthdays occurred then. Woodson was awarded the Springarn Medal from the NAACP for his accomplishment. In 1976, Negro History Week turned into Black History Month which we celebrate today. Read more about Carter Woodson. African Origins It is important for students not only to understand recent history concerning African-Americans, but also to understand their past. Before Great Britain made it illegal for the colonists to be involved in the slave trade, between 600,000 and 650,000 Africans were forcibly brought to America. They were transported across the Atlantic and sold into forced labor for the rest of their lives, leaving family and home behind. As teachers, we should not only teach about the horrors of slavery, but also about the African origin of the African-Americans who live in America today. Slavery has existed throughout the world since ancient times. However, one big difference between slavery in many cultures and the slavery that was experienced in America was that while slaves in other cultures could gain freedom and become part of society, African-Americans did not have that luxury. Because almost all of the Africans on American soil were slaves, it was extremely hard for any black person who had gained freedom to be accepted into society. Even after slavery was abolished following the Civil War, black Americans had a difficult time of being accepted into society. Here are some resources to use with students: SlaveryAfricaCivil WarCivil War Photos Civil Rights Movement The barriers facing African-Americans after the Civil War were numerous, especially in the South. Jim Crow Laws such as Literacy Tests and Grandfather Clauses kept them from voting in many southern states. Further, the Supreme Court ruled that separate was equal and therefore blacks could legally be forced to ride in separate rail cars and attend different schools than whites. It was impossible for blacks to achieve equality in this atmosphere, especially in the South. Eventually, the hardships that African-Americans faced became overwhelming and led to the Civil Rights Movement. Despite the efforts of individuals such as Martin Luther King, Jr., racism still exists today in America. As teachers, we need to fight against this with the best tool we have, education. We can enhance students views of African-Americans by stressing the numerous contributions they have given to American society. Civil Rights MovementMartin Luther King, Jr. Biography Contributions of African-Americans African-Americans have affected the culture and history of the United States in innumerable ways. We can teach our students about these contributions in many areas including: Music - e.g., Billy Holiday, Ella Fitzgerald, Duke Ellington, Jazz, Rhythm and BluesArt - e.g., Sargent Johnson, Palmer Hayden, Aaron DouglassLiterature - e.g., Ralph Ellison, Maya Angelou, Richard WrightScience - e.g., George Washington Carver, Granville T. Woods, Garrett Morgan The Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s is ripe for exploration. Students could create a museum of the accomplishments to increase awareness for the rest of the school and community. Online Activites One way to get your students interested in learning more about African-Americans, their history and culture is to utilize the many great online activities that are available. You can find web quests, online field trips, interactive quizzes and more here. Check out Integrating Technology Into the Classroom to get tips on how to get the most out of technology today.

A consideration of the principles and practice that underpin the Early Years Foundation Stage and how the current framework relates to young childrens needs and interests The WritePass Journal

A consideration of the principles and practice that underpin the Early Years Foundation Stage and how the current framework relates to young childrens needs and interests Introduction A consideration of the principles and practice that underpin the Early Years Foundation Stage and how the current framework relates to young childrens needs and interests ) infers that such an approach could have positive longitudinal consequences for the child, including improved academic attainment and retention of knowledge, which seems to be a sound rationale for such an approach. Whilst it seems essential that the indoor environment should be stimulating cognitively, it may be wise not to neglect the emotional aspect of it.   Again, the key worker is at the centre of providing the warmth needed in an enabling environment. Nutbrown and Page (2008) assert that they should show warm responses to the children under their care and react well to them. In essence, an enabling environment is made up of the components of suitable and stimulating indoor and outdoor areas, which the key worker is central in maintaining and facilitating. Principle 4- Children develop and learn in different ways and rates The final principle espoused by the EYFS framework is perhaps more concerned with the cognition of children, although it does refer to their social and emotional development in part. Nevertheless, Katz (1988, as cited in Carr, 2001, p.21) hypothesises that each child has a certain ‘disposition’, something which is distinct from learning; it is concerned more with how they react to certain situations and the habits they adopt and carry out on a regular basis. In a later document, Katz (1993) elaborates that dispositions in young children are normally learned from those around or the environment they are raised in or looked after, which seems to resonate with Bandura’s (1977) theory of modelling mentioned earlier in the assignment. Katz (1993) also articulates that dispositions are strengthened when they are acknowledged and efforts are made to continue them (particularly if they are good habits), which seems to emphasise the importance of treating the child as an i ndividual. It seems evident that all children learn and develop in different ways, as evidenced by the argument above. However, a conjecture could be made that there may be certain strategies which a practitioner or worker can implement which will result in children developing into sensible and mature adults. One way in which to do this is to cultivate a child’s resilience in their ability to complete a task or try a new activity.   Children may give up if they perceive the task to be beyond their capabilities and not extend themselves to complete this. This could be a natural response from the child (particularly if the task is incommensurate with their skillset) or it could be something that they have learned over time. Dweck (1975: 673) terms this as ‘learned helplessness’, where a child habitually gives up in the face of a challenging task or adversity, possibly because of a lack of response from the adult in encouraging the child to complete the task and persevere. Combining the sentiments expressed by Katz and the argument above, could be essential in helping children to progress appropriately, particularly when faced with unfamiliar situations and tasks.   Siraj- Blatchford et al. (2002) concluded in their Researching Effective Pedagogy in the Early Years (REPEY) study that shared sustained thinking was crucial in helping a child to tackle new problems and persist. This is defined as two or more individuals (with at least one adult ‘facilitator’) working together to complete a task, although the authors stress that each person should be actively contributing to the task, and that there must be a progression towards an eventual solution, even if that is reached straight away. This coincides with Vygotsky’s (1977) theory of cognitive development, which posits that a child will enhance their zone of proximal development (the difference between what they can do on their own and with help) if they are supported by a more know ledgeable other such as an adult or more capable peer.   Both arguments suggest that collaboration between adults and children is essential to further the child’s development, although again the manner in which this is done should be unique to the child by using questioning which is appropriate to the child’s level of cognitive development (Bloom et al., 1956). Conclusion The rationale which underpins the EYFS framework is the need to treat the child as a unique individual and consider their needs at length, in a cognitive, emotional, social and physical sense to facilitate optimum development in them. There are several ways to ensure this, including that the environment is stimulating and appropriate enough for the child’s needs, that they have access to a multitude of activities, that the key worker has a warm and fulfilling relationship with the child and that they encouraged to develop a growth mind set and persevere with challenging tasks with the facilitation of another adult. Arguably, if a childcare provider follows all of the actions above and adheres to the EYFS framework, then this should allow for children to progress to the desired level of development and maturity. References Bandura, A. (1977) Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Bloom, B. S., Engelhart, M. D., Furst, E. J., Hill, W. H. and Krathwohl, D. R. (1956) Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals. Handbook I: Cognitive domain. New York: David McKay Company. Bowlby, J. (1951) ‘Maternal Care and Mental Health.’ World Health Organization Monograph. Bowlby, J. (1953) Child Care and the Growth of Love. London: Penguin Books. Bruner, J. S. (1961) ‘The act of discovery’. Harvard Educational Review, 31 (1): 21–32. Carr, M. (2001) Assessment in Early Childhood Settings. London: SAGE. Department for Family, Education and Skills (2004) Every Child Matters. [Online]. Available at: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130401151715/https://www.education.gov.uk/publications/standard/publicationdetail/page1/dfes/1081/2004 (Accessed: 24 November 2014). Department for Education (2010) Social and emotional aspects of learning (SEAL) programme in secondary schools: national evaluation. [Online]. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/social-and-emotional-aspects-of-learning-seal-programme-in-secondary-schools-national-evaluation (Accessed: 24 November 2014). Department for Education (2013a) Improving the quality and range of education and childcare from birth to 5 years. [Online]. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/policies/improving-the-quality-and-range-of-education-and-childcare-from-birth-to-5-years/supporting-pages/early-years-foundation-stage (Accessed: 24 November 2014). Department for Education (2013b) Early years outcomes: A non-statutory guide for practitioners and inspectors to help inform understanding of child development through the early years. [Online]. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/237249/Early_Years_Outcomes.pdf (Accessed: 24 November 2014). Department for Education (2014) Early years foundation stage framework. [Online]. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/early-years-foundation-stage-framework2 (Accessed: 24 November 2014). Dweck, C.S. (1975) ‘The role of expectations and attributions in the alleviation of learned helplessness.’ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31: 674-685. Dweck, C. (2006)  Mindset: The New Psychology of Success. New York: Ballantine Books. Elfer, P., Goldschmied, E. and Selleck, D. (2003) Key Persons in the Nursery: Building relationships for quality provision. London: David Fulton. Garrick, R., Bath, C., Dunn, K., Maconochie, H., Willis, B. and Claire Wolstenholme (2010) Children’s experiences of the Early Years Foundation Stage. DfE: London. Gardner, H. (2004) Changing Minds: The art and science of changing our own and other peoples minds. Harvard Business School Press. Gov. UK (2014) Free early education and childcare. [Online]. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/free-early-education (Accessed: 24 November 2014). Katz, L.G. (1988) ‘What Should Young Children Be Doing?’ American Educator: The Professional Journal of the American Federation of Teachers: 29-45. Katz, L. (1993) Dispositions: Definitions and implications for early childhood practices. ERIC Clearinghouse on Elementary and Early Childhood Education. Nutbrown, C. and Page, J. (2008) Working with Babies and Children Under Three. London: Sage. Piaget, J. (1952) The Origin of Intelligence in Children. New York: International University Press, Inc. Siraj-Blatchford, I., Sylva, K., Muttock, S., Gilden, R. and Bell, D. (2002) Researching Effective Pedagogy in the Early Years (REPEY) DfES Research Report 365. HMSO London: Queen’s Printer. Steel, N. (2012) Encyclopaedia of the Sciences of Learning. New York: Springer. Sylva, K., Melhuish, E., Sammons, P., Siraj-Blatchford I. and Taggart, B. (2004) The Effective Provision of Pre-School Education (EPPE) Project: Final report. London: DfES and Institute of Education, University of London. Vygotsky, L. S. (1978) Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press

Ruger Clinic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ruger Clinic - Essay Example There are various advantages of cost volume profit analysis which medical or health care industry can exploit to become more efficient at analyzing different levels of activity. It can then use the optimal activity level to increase its profitability. Hence we can say that cost volume profit analysis can be used to enhance the profitability of the health care industry. A medical company which is diversified in various different operation or have different departments can use it to see if operating on a large scale will be more efficient and whether or not it is worth putting more time and effort into the business. Similarly, there are chances that fixed are less than variable costs for a department. However, this will be only visible after CVP analysis, whether or not we can start a new department, it is feasible or not. Hence, a medical company will have to use CVP analysis to look at the profitability of a new department if they plan to diversify its services. As we know that moder n machinery is pervading the health care industry, a lot of investment needs to be done. Hence, this implies long-term commitment with specialized labor (doctors, surgeon, support staff etc) which means heavy burden of costs on a firm. However, CVP analysis is a toll that can be used by these firms to assess how long it will be before they will be able to cover their costs and start making profit. This is important when you have more than one alternative, and you look CVP to choose the best option, where cost recovery is fast and profit-making potential is highest. Similarly, there are various assumptions that we have to make when we go about doing CVP analysis. One such assumption is that fixed remain constant. This may not be true, but it is easier for managers in the field of health care to plan ahead, and as discussed above, it may help them to choose the best alternative. Machinery improves efficiency, and medical-service managers can use it to convince their manager or investo r to attract investment by showing them CVP results. Capitation is a fixed flat payment made to a health-care services provider for providing service to a particular segment or defined population. These payments are made on per capita basis that is calculation is done on per-person basis and are made monthly or as the contract states. The three most widely used methods of capitation are fee-for-service, cost and demographic approach. In the fee-for-service approach, the revenue line is mostly upward sloping. It starts from zero as when there is zero level of activity, there is no revenue for the health-care service provider, but it goes up with the level of activity. The higher the number of people to whom service is provided, the greater the revenue. In the cost approach, rather than a fixed fee is charged, the company charges total costs that are incurred in providing health care services, and then that fee is charged to the client. This approach can be referred as "pay for all approach and was very common in traditional capitation payments. In demographic capitation, pharmacists are only responsible or contract to provide their services to people of specific age, gender and geographic location. This is done to buffer them from unexpected disease found in particular demographic group and to make sure that they do not suffer as a

Organizational Communication Issue of Toyota Research Paper

Organizational Communication Issue of Toyota - Research Paper Example But apologies regarding how the whole situation of information shared and communication with public has been done came much later. Toyota through press releases responded to the government, NHTSA’s queries and through this releases it tried to defend itself by refuting the claims made by Toyota users regarding the possible cause of faults in the vehicle. But in spite of this, Toyota had to pay a $16.4 million fine to NHTSA in USA on April 19, 2010. It was found out that Toyota face media scrutiny which leads to increased confusion of stake holders and their criticism and questions. Toyota’s failure to respond to the public and government in transparent way and it denied the problem until asked to take actions (May 100-107). An important function of organization is communication during crisis time. A crisis can cause financial loss, decreased confidence of stakeholders and buyers purchase intentions from the organization. To handle the communication training should be given to the spokesperson. To Lerbinger, Feran-Banks and Coombs, attention should be placed on media relation in crisis time. This was important for Toyota which gave late and vague response in media regarding recall of vehicle. Communication should include pre drafted messages from top management and news releases which can be used during crisis. Corporate Leadership Council  and Business Roundtable  supported the use of these templates. PR personnel will play a key role in drafting these messages. A separate website can be created for a crisis situation or a section in existing website could be devoted to deal with these. Stakeholders and media turn up to internet during crisis situation. Taylor and Kent in 2007 persuaded the use of internet during organizational crisis. Quick response by informing the media and stakeholders about the cause and nature of crisis from the side of organization is very necessary or

Contemporary studies in physical education Essay Example for Free

Contemporary studies in physical education Essay There are many ways in which the sport of football is controlled and organised, a majority of the sport is monitored and controlled by governing bodies that distribute funds, organise competitions, present awards and ultimately promote the sport so that football can be accessible to everyone. One of the main football governing bodies is UEFA. The Union of European Football Associations governs football all over Europe and makes sure the rules that are formed by this organisation are enforced and abided by, as well as organising competitions and so on. Moreover, as I live in Wales I will talk about the Football Association of Wales or FAW. The FAW are more of a regional organisation that relay rules etc. from UEFA and make sure that there are competitions, and matches taking place all over Wales, as well as distributing limited funds to grass roots schemes and to various clubs in the region. The FAW are based in Cardiff, the capitol, of Wales, which is, in itself relevant as it means that it is easily located. Here are some details I obtained from UEFA.com: Personnel: Communications: President Address Desmond W. Shanklin. Plymouth Chambers, 3 Westgate General Secretary Street GB David George Collins. Cardiff CF10 1DP Head Coach Telephone Leslie Mark Hughes. +44 29 2037 2325 Press Officer Fax David George Collins. +44 29 2034 3961 As you can see there are quite a number of personnel working at the top of the FAW, these people make sure that everything goes as much to plan as possible and also make sure that there is some sort of authority associated with the sport. This governing body organises a lot of competitions around Wales resulting in leagues and league tables being formed, one such league is the Welsh Premier. There are many football clubs associated with this league ranging from Aberystwyth, Llanelli and Newtown, to Bangor, Caernarfon and Welshpool. All of these teams are entered into the Welsh Premier and compete against each other throughout the season all in the hope of winning and coming top of the table. The way to find out information on the Internet is to log on to www.uefa.com and then look out for the titles reading Welsh football Associations. Regional structure. Although UEFA are a huge organisation, they cannot control every single aspect of the game in all European countries, such as Wales. It is therefore essential that regional, intra-national organisations or governing bodies take as much control as possible and are aware of as much as possible in their area. Wales uses a pyramid system to organise its football events/competitions. The Welsh Premier is Wales national league and the only national competition and all leagues below it operate on a regional basis, the leagues become more localised the further down the pyramid you go. Governing bodies need to structure leagues into regional leagues so that they are more easily managed and are more organised. Like the British Premier League, many foreign countries have adopted segmented or divisional type football leagues. Wales uses this tiered league system to organise many competitions. The Welsh Premier is the top tier or first division and all those below this division are on lower tiers. The second tier consists of two leagues that each covers half of the country. The first represents South Wales and the second, central and North Wales. The champions of both these leagues are promoted to the League of Wales. However although this may sound quite simple, it gets much more complicated the further down the system you go. The similarity is that the teams that come top of the lower leagues are also eligible for promotion. As Ive said, the system gets a lot more mixed up and complex the further down the pyramid you go, with teams having less professional players, and a lower status. The lower less well known teams face a larger competition and less chance of getting promoted due to the larger number of teams. Coaching Awards. It is obvious that if a team succeeds in a particular league and win matches, then, as well as the skill and professionalism of the players being a contributor to their success, the coach of the team must be doing a good job as well. Many organisations present awards to coaches who are seen as successful and who are leading their club well. Without coaches, teams would stand little chance of playing as a team, keeping fit and developing skills, coaches maintain the levels of professionalism whatever the status of the club. Many coaches have to go through training to acquire qualifications in order to coach at the highest level and receive award after doing so. The FA present awards to qualified coaches after they complete training courses at different levels. One such award is the FA Level 1 which is a certificate in coaching football, the course can be taken by anyone over the age of 16 and is an intensive 20 hour course that involves the person dealing with practical coaching, child protection, emergency first aid, over use injuries, child development and growth spurts. Another coaching award is from the NGB or National Governing Body of football. People who have obtained qualifications through their NGB normally go to work shops to further their experience and become better at their job. When someone has obtained qualifications and coaching awards they can pursue a career in coaching their chosen sport and can apply their knowledge acquired through previous courses to coach at various levels. Once in a part time job a coach earn anything from à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½6 to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20 an hour and full time jobs can pay from à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½12,000 to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20,000 per annum. Promotional/grass root schemes. It is essential for professional and semi-professional teams to be able to pick or select the next best players in order to maintain the reputation of the club and the skill levels required to reach the top of their league. Without grass root schemes young players would not be able to develop their skills or play enough to get recognised by larger clubs. Grass root schemes also make sure that young children are made aware of the benefits of football or any sport and are also taught rules, and the value of teamwork from a very young age. Sports such as football are huge and although the sport does benefit from promotional and grass root schemes, the sport does have a huge following, it is estimated that there are around 70,000 boys playing football for either schools or clubs between the age ranges of under 11 to under 16 and that over 500,000 play between the ages of 9-16. Grass roots football in the United Kingdom is the responsibility of the 43 county football associations that are affiliated with the FA and make sure everything is organised at a local level. Within the individual county associations there are technical directors that oversee the development of football players from their grass roots all the way up to the highest level of the game. There are centres all over the UK that the FA manages and that develop players at grass root levels. Promotional schemes arise all the time around the country and may take the form of celebrity appearances that may boost the turnout of the event and thus the chance of the sport appealing to more young children is increased. The ability to promote a sport such as football depends largely on the willingness of children to participate at grass roots levels and their eagerness to participate at higher levels. Ultimately the children need to have the drive or enthusiasm to take part at low levels of the sport and maintain that ambition so that they will achieve the highest possible level of success in the sport. In Wales, grass roots schemes such as Dragon Sports help to promote football and get more young children involved by using players that can be used as examples of what you can achieve if you persevere. Dragon Sports organise events where the children can turn up and spend the day being taught by professional players and obviously having fun. Regional and national competitions Throughout the country there are various leagues that I talked about previously in my work, these leagues area made up of various teams that compete for promotion to a higher, more competitive league. Regional competitions or matches, are held between more localised teams which compete to win matches in order to gain points and status within their league. If a team win a majority of their games within their own league and against localised opponents, of inter-county matches, they move on to play against the victors from other leagues in various other counties. Ultimately, the teams that are the best in each area of a country will move into a position where they have to play against each other in order to proceed to the next level. After all of the county matches have been played the victorious teams may be promoted into a larger more advanced league that caters for the best regional teams. Theses teams will then play against one another in a national league that offers bigger more prestigious rewards. The teams/clubs at this level are the cream of all the inter-county teams and all compete for national recognition. Doping control and testing. Over the years there have been numerous incidents where athletes have been tested for drugs and were found to have been abusing illegal, performance enhancing narcotics. It is now the norm for most athletes, including footballers, to be tested for doping and drugs that may affect their performance. There are many different ways in which drug testing can be performed, namely, urine samples, hair samples, perspiration and residues found on the athlete or on items of their possession. The urine sample involves the footballer giving a urine sample just before a game, which is tested for the existence of drugs or any evidence of doping. If the results come back positive then the footballer will be suspended and will not be allowed to play in the match or matches following the test until a governing body tells them they are allowed to play. Hair testing involves the footballer/athlete giving a sample of their hair, which, like the urine is tested for evidence of drugs, again, if the test shows that that person has drugs in their system, then appropriate action will be taken. The perspiration test involves the sweat of the athlete being analysed for the presence of any performance enhancing drugs. This is an effective way of doping control and testing, as there are not many ways in which you can avoid this sort of test, or any of the others for that matter. Residue testing involves the footballer giving an item of theirs to the drug analyst that may have residue from the footballers body on it, this could include a drinking flask, mug etc. that may have the persons saliva on it, or a towel that may have hair on it that could be analysed, i.e. anything that may have any residue on it that could be analysed in order to prove the existence of drugs or doping. Here is an example of how the FA intends to deal with the increase in drug abuse in football; The FA is conducting random drug testing of gifted footballers as young as nine years old. These unannounced spot-checks on 9-16 year olds is being carried out at 147 centres of excellence across England and Wales. However, what I find amazing is that each of these drug tests costs the FA à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½230, but I do think that it is necessary as the drug problems with youth football is escalating. Assessment of development and placement on the performance pyramid. There are five levels to the performance pyramid, these are: 1. Grass roots. Here, everyone is encouraged to take part in the sport and anyone can play it. At this level young children are the focal point as trying to get children involved and interested in a sport from a young age is essential if they are to develop into a potential professional player. This is the stage that many governing bodies and organisations are now becoming interested in in-order to develop players of the future. 2. The second stage is recreation. At this stage, players have developed an interest in the sport and are playing quite frequently. This is also the stage where the player will have developed their interest enough to join a club or team. 3. The third stage is sport. This stage involves the person playing at higher levels and their standards have risen to such a point that means that they have become competitive and driven to win. They will also be playing in some sort of league with aspirations of success. 4. If a football player reaches this level they have entered a stage of excellence. The player probably would have been selected for their talent as a player and will be provided with support so that they can train without much hassle etc. They would be sent to train at a centre of excellence where they will receive professional help from qualified coaches in order to play to the best of their ability. Furthermore, the player will probably be playing at county level with the best players in the area who were also selected for their talent. 5. The final level or stage is elitism. At this stage the player is playing at the highest level and has a desire for winning. Moreover, the chances are that the player is at a professional level and is getting paid to play for a particular team. This is the highest of levels that you can reach in any particular sport. Considering all of the stages I would place myself at stage three, sport. I play football at a competitive level and at quite a high standard. I would say that my interest for the sport has developed into one that I can play football at a level where I feel that winning is important but losing is an inevitable factor. With this in mind I can say that there is little chance of moving to the excellence stage and therefore the elitist stage, as I do have other interests and I do not see football as the only sport that I can play. I believe that I am at this level because I have been playing football since I was seven, and I have developed a love for the sport and can appreciate the effort that is put into playing for such a long period of time. Discussion of the effects on my progress. There are many ways in which I have been helped through my time playing football, there are also many ways in which without extra help, I would not have been able to progress. Without a football organisation such as the FA, there would be little order or organisation in the development of football, such as football clubs at grass root levels. I can also say that the funding that these organisations distribute to various clubs is essential for their survival and maintenance of most equipment and grounds etc. At grass roots level, there is emphasis placed on playing for the enjoyment of the sport, which puts little pressure on players. This way of thinking allows players of the future to develop a love of the sport and thus will tend, like myself, to carry on playing football into their teens and beyond, some will eventually develop their natural abilities to such an extent that they can play football professionally and at an elite level where they can live from the money they are paid by their team/club. From a young age I learnt to play by the rules from grass roots football during matches, I learnt how to control myself in various situations and developed a lot of skills. All of this would have been extremely difficult, if not impossible to do, without the help of governing bodies and organisations such as the FA and FIFA distributing funds and carrying out administrative procedures that ensured players, such as myself, the opportunity to play in a controlled manner in supervised games etc. During my time playing football at club level and at grass roots, I had to pay subscriptions, or subs that would be paid into the FA who would recycle the money and put it back into the various football clubs in the country. This money is used by the FA to fund training camps and centres of excellence throughout the country in order to develop the players of future teams and representatives of our country. Furthermore, without these governing bodies and organisations, lower level clubs, like those at grass root levels, would not be able to support themselves as well as with the assistance of such bodies. The transition from level to level throughout the life of a footballer relies not only on the willingness to pursue the sport, but on the dedication of the governing bodies and organisations to help young players and athletes move on with the most support that they need.

Pursuance of Perfection Essay -- Body Image

In recent years, dedication has been paid to the study of body image and how it affects the person. These studies have shown that body image issues are increasing and present a danger to the health of members of our society. â€Å"This is obvious in distortion of body size (e.g. many young women who experience anorexia nervosa believe they are much heavier than they really are), and in cases of ‘phantom limb’ phenomena (in which people who have had limbs amputated report still ‘feeling’ the missing limb)† (Grogan 15). These issues arise within a person from various factors at an early age from being bullied and degraded about a defect or an abnormality in appearance; many individuals affected tend not to have an outlet other than the media, through which they obtain information on what is acceptable in society. â€Å"Unfortunately, looking at others usually doesn’t help, because they seem to look so much better, and this just reinforces her f eelings of defectiveness† (Wilhelm 13). The time has come for us to deviate from these methods of self-comfort and entertainment because they inhibit our personal development and affects our psyche. We in the Physical Education field have an obligation to provide those that are willing, an outlet, where they find self-comfort and entertainment through rigorous and demanding activities: through which the deviation process can be accomplished through careful implementation and planning. The want to obtain the perfect body image is a phenomenon created through the perceptions one has for things and the self and through social factors-such as friend family and the media; body image, being defined as â€Å"a person’s perceptions, thoughts, and feelings about his or her body† (Grogan 14). The problem in pursuin... ...r Liput, and Rashmeen Nirmal. "Personality Preferences Of College Student-Athletes." College Student Journal 41.1 (2007): 34-36. Academic Search Complete. Web. 25 Apr. 2012. Rabinor, Judith Ruskay. "The Therapist's Voice." Eating Disorders 7.2 (1999): 157-67. Print. Grogan, Sarah. Body Image: Understanding Body Dissatisfaction in Men, Women, and Children. London: Routledge, 1999. Print. McCabe, Marita P., Lina A. Ricciardelli, and Damien Ridge. "â€Å"Who Thinks I Need a Perfect Body?† Perceptions and Internal Dialogue among Adolescents about Their Bodies."Sex Roles 55.5/6 (2006): 409-19. EBSCOhost. Springer Science + Business Media, Inc., 21 Nov. 2006. Web. 1 Feb. 2012. Brown, Gavin, and Paul Potrac. "You've Not Made the Grade, Son': De-selection and Identity Disruption in Elite Level Youth Football." Soccer & Society 10.2 (2009): 143-59. Print.

Lenovo Laptop-Promotional Strategy Essay

1. PERVASIVENESS: Advertising permits the seller to repeat a message many times. It also allows the buyer to compare messages of various competitors. Large scale advertising says something positive about the seller size, power and success. 2. AMPLIFIED EXPRESSIVENESS: Advertising provides opportunities for dramatizing the company and its products through the artful print sound color. ADVERTISING CAN BE USED TO BUILD UP A LONG TERM IMAGE FOR A PRODUCTPROMOTION The promotion mix within the marketing mix includes advertising, sales promotion and personal selling. Product promotion means making the product popular among the consumers and raising its sales through suitable measures the basic purpose is to widen the scope of marketing.  sales promotion means the promotional activities other than personal salesmanship, advertising and publicity which stimulate consumer purchasing and dealer effectiveness through displays, exhibitions, demonstrations, free samples, discounts, premium etc. it is plus ingredient in marketing mix it act as bridge link in between advertising and personal salesmanship. It acts as a supporting facility to advertising and personal selling. FEATURES OF SALES PROMOTION1. SALES PROMOTION ACTS AS A TOOL IN MARKETING TO LUBRICATE MARKETING EFFORTS. 2. IT IS NECESSARY IN PRESENT COMPETITIVE WORLD AND CONSUMER ORIENTED MARKETING3. IT SUPPORTS ADVERTISING AND PERSONAL SELLING. 4. IT AMIS STIMULATING CONSUMER PURCHASING AT POINT OF SALE. 5. IT PROVIDES MORE SALES AND PROFITS TO PRODUCERS AND DEALERSNEED OF SALES PROMOTION1. FOR UNLOADING ACCUMULATED INVENTORY. 2. FOR INTRODUCING NEW PRODUCTS. 3. FOR OVERCOMING SEASONAL SLUMPS. 4. FOR SUPPORTING ADVERTISING CAMPAIGN. 5. FOR GETTING NEW ACCOUNTS. 5. FOR SUPPORTING AND SUPPLEMENTING SALESMAN EFFORTS. OBJECTIVES OF SALES PROMOTION1. TO RAISE VOLUME OF SALES OF PRODUCT. 2. TO RAISE BUYING RESPONSE AND POTENTIAL CONSUMERS. THREE MARKETING PROMOTION STRATEGYA] DEFINE YOUR VP-up stands for value proposition and it is critical to define what unique value you can bring to your customer. The three items that you should not define as your up. 1 low price-if your only differentiator is price, customer is in tough time. Price is probably the worst way to attempt to differentiate your company. Making low pricing your up is a mistake. 2. Quality products-they are not differentiator, they are an expectation. 3. service-good service is an expectation, not vp.good service is not simply a unique way you differentiate your business these days. Up need to focus on a unique way you do business, it can be way your information is packaged, a guarantee that no one else offers, or the way your product can transform people. Once you defined your value proposition, you must ensure that this message comes across clearly to your customers and prospects. An easy way to develop a business tag line based on your up and uses this tag in all your customers’ communications. B} MATCH THE MESSAGE TO THE CUSTOMER- the more you know and are able to define your various buyer personas, the more you will be able to communicate  tightly focused and powerful message that is relevant to particular customer. C} GIVE SOMETHING FOR NOTHING- this means to build trust by giving away something for nothing. Before you attempt to sell. You must create trust they want information. When they surf the internet they need information. The trust can be created over time by consistently showing customer the knowledge, expertise and valuesSTART OF LENOVO†Hope through Entrepreneurship† tells not just the story of Lenovo’s corporate social investments, but the company’s own history. In 1984, 11 computer scientists in Beijing, China had a vision to create a company that would bring the advantages of information technology to the Chinese people. With approximately $25,000 USD in seed money and the determination to turn their research into successful products, this team opened their business in a loaned space – a small, one-story bungalow in Beijing. Today, Lenovo is encouraging people around the world to make an impact. As Lenovo’s technology helps bridge the physical gap among different parts of the world, the company’s goal is to do the same through its social investments. Given Lenovo’s history and the nature of its business, the company focuses on helping people around the world transform their lives and their communities. To do this, Lenovo supports organizations that encourage business development and social entrepreneurship. Through microfinance institutions such as Opportunity International, Lenovo is helping provide crucial loans to help disadvantaged people in countries such as Africa, Asia, Latin America and Eastern Europe. HISTORY OF LENOVOThe following is a brief history of Lenovo:- 2000: Legend shares peak at HK$14.75 on March 6. – 2001: Dell takes the largest share of the worldwide PC market for the first time. Legend sales reach a peak of HK$27.2 billion in the fiscal year ended March 2001 and decline to HK$23.2 billion in the most recent fiscal year ended March 2004. – 2003: The Company changes brand name to Lenovo from Legend to avoid infringement of overseas brands. The company says it is preparing for expansion outside China, which has overtaken Japan to become the world’s second-largest PC market. The US remains the world’s largest PC market. – 2004: The Company changes its name to Lenovo Group. Time Warner Inc, the world’s largest media company, on January 7 exits a US$50 million Internet venture in China with Lenovo. China accounts for 99 percent of Lenovo’s sales in fiscal year ended March 2004 and 98 percent in the previous 12-month period. Lenovo’s first-quarter PC shipment growth in China lags rivals such as Dell, according to market researcher IDC Corp. Lenovo has a 10.9 percent share of the Asian market excluding Japan, compared with 7.3 percent for Dell. Lenovo’s Asian shipments rise 19 percent, compared with 52 percent for Dell. Lenovo’s sales of services and hand-held electronics grow the fastest of all its products in the most recent two fiscal years, each at an average rate that roughly quadruples. Computer sales rise at an average rate of 9 percent in the same period. – December 3, 2004: IBM in discussions with Lenovo about the sale of its PC business, the New York Times reports. – December 7, 2004: Lenovo says it’s in talks with a major international company about a possible acquisition. – December 8, 2004: Lenovo’s purchase of IBM’s personal computer business formally announced in Beijing yesterday. Acquisition expected to be completed in the second quarter of 2005. OBJECTIVE OF LENOVOLenovo nose-diving into rural marketChina’s top PC maker, Lenovo Group Ltd, by introducing cheaper computers, is plunging head-on into the country’s rural market, where PC penetration is low and purchasing power is weak. Analysts said the firm’s low-price strategy will help it strengthen its  market share, which is shrinking. But they are divided about the long-term profitability of the low-priced PCs. Lenovo last week introduced a new consumer PC series and an e-classroom solution aimed at users in ordinary households and the education sector in townships. The retail prices for the new PC models will range from 2,999 Yuan (US$361), a record low, to 5,999 Yuan (US$723). Lenovo previously focused on PCs that cost more than 5,000 Yuan (US$602). â€Å"The growth of the whole PC market is lackluster. But the township market remains largely untapped,† said Yang Yeaning, chief executive officer of Lenovo Group Ltd. The launch of the low-price PCs is part of Lenovo’s strategic shift. He expects shipments of the new PC series will reach 800,000-1 million units within a year. Beijing-based CCW Research said tapping the low-end market will increase Lenovo’s market share. And so it did.†Lenovo is delivering a message that it intends to cover all market segments, from high-end to low-end, â€Å"The low-price strategy puts pressure on some regional brands.Besides, operating systems are not pre-installed in the DIY market. â€Å"We have been put in an unfair position,† said Lu. â€Å"If all vendors pre-installed legitimate operating systems and pay the VAT, our market share would be much higher.†GAO estimates gross profit margins for Lenovo’s new series PCs will be about 8 per cent. For fiscal year 2003, Lenovo’s profit margins were 14.6 per cent, compared with 14.8 per cent in the last fiscal year. Edward Yu, president of research house Analysis International, predicted the profit margins will be much lower. â€Å"The shipments of PCs priced at 2,999 Yuan are unlikely to reach 100,000 units. Otherwise, it will be unprofitable,† Yu said. â€Å"The most likely scenario is quite a few of the PCs will be available in the marketplace. The low-priced move is largely a promotion strategy.†Since Lenovo is not adopting a â€Å"direct-sales† strategy, the firm is unlikely to save the â€Å"channel cost,† which usually accounts for nearly one-fifth of the price, Yu explained. Lu reaffirmed Lenovo will not follow Dell’s â€Å"direct-sales† strategy. Lenovo’s low-price strategy is expected to spark a round of price-cutting in China’s PC industry. China’s No 2 PC maker, Founder Technology, â€Å"will not rule out the possibility of making a similar move,† said I Dongfeng, the company’s managing president. Qi last week said he agreed China’s rural market promises much potential. â€Å"I think a PC price tag from 2,000-3,000 Yuan (US$241-361) for the rural market is appropriate,† he said. Another PC maker, Langchao, plans to launch a new PC model that will cost about 1,999 Yuan (US$241), some media have reported. A new round of price-cutting is expected dent profit margins industry-wide. Profits have been dropping due to intense competition. Statistics, released by Analysis last week, indicate PC sales in China in the year’s second quarter reached 17.53 billion Yuan (US$2.11 billion), up 17.8 per cent year-on-year. Shipments in the quarter totaled 2.91 million units, down 0.4 per cent compared with previous quarter, but up 39 per cent year-on-year. Lenovo’s market share dropped 5.6 per cent, year-on-year, during the period, Analysis said. Barcelona FC’s super soccer star Ronald de Assis Moriera of Brazil, better known as Ronaldinho has been named as the official representative of china’s PC giant, Lenovo, in its global promotion campaign. The two sides have signed a confidentiality agreement but Lenovo declined to talk about the details, the expenses in particular. According to Chen Shaopeng, senior vice-president of Lenovo Group and president of Lenovo’s greater China operation, partnering with an international sport star is an important part of Lenovo’s global marketing strategy. Lenovo hopes Ronaldinho’s personal charm and influence worldwide will help Lenovo’s global promotion campaign and gain popularity. During the one-year promotion, Lenovo will be authorized to use Ronaldinho’s personal images as well as all the brands of Barcelona FC. â€Å"I believe that combination of the charm of soccer and the sci-tech of computer will bring more color and pleasure to people’s life, noted Marc Ingle, vice president of Barcelona FC. The list of the commercial value of soccer stars done by Germany-based BBDO Consulting months before shows that Ronaldinho, with 32.6 million pounds tops the rank. SWOT AnalysisStrengths:Strong sale position in mainland (china) because of 90%sale from it. Market leader in china as Lenovo is learning more revenue from the mainland. Low production cost. Event sponsoring. Good marketing and distribution strategy. The PC giant earlier launched a product under the ThinkPad series for the student market at 7,999yuan and recently cut the price of a new PC product under the ThinkPad SL series to 3,000yuan from 5,000yuan. A market analyst says that the price of IT product is on the decline due to cost reduction of parts and terminal. Besides, the low- price strategy could produce the largest effect in the summer holiday due to high price sensitivity in the period. The company has begun to boost the promotion for online buyers, in particularly the youth and students, because the company could cut great cost to support its low-price strategy. With the extension of internet coverage, the booming online consumption is underpinned by reduced marginal cost due to more conveniences and increasing transparency of price for the components of IT products. The analyst believes that the campaign would bring great troubles to the domestic PC producers in the second and third camps, which might spark a new wave of merger and acquisition in China. LENOVO EXPANDS MOTORSPORTS PRESENCE TO INDYCAR SERIES FOR INDY 500 WITH CURB/ ALABAMIAN/BECK TEAM Lenovo Promotes Relationship with NBA by Highlighting the Finals on the CarINDIANAPOLIS — Lenovo, a leading computer company that creates the best-engineered PCs in the world, today announced a sponsorship agreement with the CURB/ Alabamian/Beck team for the crown jewel race within the Indy Car Series – the Indianapolis 500. The announcement marks Lenovo’s interest in identifying how motor sports can help drive the company’s goal for building brand awareness on a global scale. This coming weekend provides a significant opportunity for worldwide brand exposure. Lenovo is sponsoring teams at two of the racing world’s most prestigious races — the Indianapolis 500 and the Formula 1 race in Monte Carlo, Monaco. The Lenovo Indy Car Series announcement comes during the most important time of year for the series – the Indianapolis 500 weekends, when all eyes are on Indianapolis for what remains the world’s largest single-day spectator sporting event. The Lenovo logo will be placed on the black No. 98 CURB/ Alabamian/Beck Motor sports Dollar/Honda/Firestone car, driven by Alex Barron, for this weekend’s Indianapolis 500 race. In addition, the Lenovo-sponsored AT&T Williams Formula One car – a partnership announced earlier this year – races this weekend at Monaco. In an innovative cross promotion, the Indy 500 sponsorship also showcases Lenovo’s support for the NBA and The Finals, marking the first time the league’s marquee event has been promoted during an auto race. The front wings on the car will brand The Finals on ABC on June 7. Greg Odem and Mike Conley Jr., expected top selections in the NBA Draft in June and both Indianapolis natives, will be on-site in Pit Row as guests of Lenovo and driver Alex Barron. â€Å"Indy Car racing is a data-intensive, computing-intensive endeavor, highly focused and invested in innovation and development, and highly dependent on information technology,† said Tony George, Tony George, founder and CEO, Indy Racing League, the sanctioning body for the Indy Car Series. â€Å"We welcome Lenovo to this community and are excited to be working with the best in the business for PC technology.†The Indy Car Series has long been recognized for its technical leadership, and recently reinforced its leadership track record by being the first in the automobile racing world to use 100 percent fuel-grade ethanol in Indy cars. That leadership makes the Indy Car Series an excellent partner for Lenovo, where engineering and innovation are top priorities. Effective deployment of information technology is a key part of the CURB/ Alabamian/Beck Motor sports strategic allocation process, and these decisions help determine the team’s success at the track. A Lenovo notebook PC will form an integral part of starting the Indy Car before each race, practice and test session. Lenovo PCs will support engineers in car research, test, development and manufacturing. They will support the drivers in their analysis and will support the management team in marketing, logistics, travel and race planning as well as networking, inventory, relationships with clients, sponsors and suppliers, human resources, finance and strategy. CURB/Agaganian/Beck Motor sports are a team in the Indy Racing League owned by Greg Beck, Cary Alabamian, and Mike Curb. The team’s car is a black No. 98 Dollar/Honda/Firestone car. The team participated as Team Leader Motor sports when two Indy Car Teams joined forces to field cars for the 2006 Indianapolis 500. The first team was Beck Motor sports owned by Greg Beck which was founded in 1995. The second team R. Kent Baker Racing owned by Kent Baker which was founded in 1988. Both Baker and Beck had many years experience working with their own and various other Indy Car teams. They were joined by Cary Alabamian and Mike Curb of Curb Alabamian Motor sports. About the Indy Car Series:The Indy Car Series is the premier open-wheel series in the U.S., competing on a challenging combination of super  speedways, short ovals, scenic road courses and temporary street circuits. In 2007 the Indy Car Series will conduct 16 events in the U.S. and one in Japan, all available worldwide through a comprehensive, long-term agreement with ABC Sports/ ESPN. A leader in motor sports technology, the Indy Car Series is the first racing series to power its Honda engines on 100 percent fuel-grade ethanol. The Indy Car Series continues to the be the fastest and most competitive racing series, attracting a diverse lineup of drivers including Marco Amoretti, Sam Cornish Jr., and Dania Patrick. OLYMPIC GAME Lenovo, worldwide partner of the Olympic Torch Relay and the exclusive computing equipment supplier for the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, is offering limited-edition notebook PCs inspired by the Lenovo-designed Olympic torch leading into the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. Bid on this limited-edition Lenovo 3000 V200 notebook PC signed by Gail Emmys of the U.K. Badminton team, the last one of only three available exclusively through this auction. With the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games just one week away, here’s your last chance to win this commemorative notebook PC!About the limited-edition Lenovo 3000 V200 notebook PCLike the â€Å"Cloud of Promise† on which the design is based, the notebook cover features striking swirls of silver against a pure red base color. Gail’s signature is prominently displayed on the cover of the notebook (signed with a black Sharpie Fine Point Permanent marker). Due to export restrictions and policies, this product is only available for shipment within the U.K. or to the U.S.A. Bids will only be accepted from bidders with shipping addresses in the U.K. or U.S.A. Specs:Lenovo 3000 V Series notebooks are built to provide worry-free computing in a stylish, media-friendly and powerful ultra portable widescreen. LENOVO BOOSTS ONLINE SALES THROUGH BARGAIN PROMOTION China’s leading PC producer Lenovo Group (0992.HK; LNVGY.PK), recently initiated a series of market promotion activities for low-price products in domestic online market. The PC giant earlier launched a product under the ThinkPad series for the student market at 7,999 Yuan and recently cut the price of a new PC product under the ThinkPad SL series to 3,000 Yuan from 5,000 Yuan. Besides, the low- price strategy could produce the largest effect in the summer holiday due to high price sensitivity in the period. The company has begun to boost the promotion for online buyers, in particularly the youth and students, because the company could cut great cost to support its low-price strategy. With the extension of internet coverage, the booming online consumption is underpinned by reduced marginal cost due to more conveniences and increasing transparency of price for the components of IT products. The analyst believes that the campaign would bring great troubles to the domestic PC producers in the second and third camps, which might spark a new wave of merger and acquisition in China. Lenovo launch in IndiaReconnecting with Television AdvertisingLenovo creates promotional flexibility with Google TV Ads. How does a computer manufacturer create brand awareness in a critical new  market? This was one of Lenovo’s biggest challenges following their acquisition of IBM’s Personal Computing division in 2005. IBM’s ThinkPad was already a bestselling laptop product line worldwide, but the Lenovo brand was virtually unknown outside of China. The acquisition elevated Lenovo to the world’s third largest PC Company and Lenovo set out to elevate its brand awareness in the US. Gary Milner, global interactive marketing manager at Lenovo, was hard at work developing and executing the online piece of Lenovo’s marketing plan; for this he turned to Google. â€Å"We started working aggressively with Ad Words to stimulate direct sales,† Gary said. â€Å"The online metrics showed us a clear payoff through increased traffic to our site, and we were able to quickly determine what messages and promotions customers were responding to,† he recalls. As the Lenovo team became more skilled in applying these metrics to better measure and improve the success of its online marketing initiatives, the team began looking for ways to extend their reach through other forms of media. The Google TV Ads product was intriguing because it offered the measurement and accountability of online. The Power of Sight, Sound and MotionAt the 2006 Winter Olympics, Lenovo used television advertising to generate brand awareness and drive sales. Right away Lenovo understood the power of television but didn’t have the budget to make it a permanent part of their marketing mix. â€Å"We saw right away that we got huge spikes in online traffic after that campaign, so we knew that TV was working for us. But at the time it proved to be a very hard medium for us to work with in a scalable way,† Gary remembers. When Gary and his team were introduced to the Google TV Ads platform, they were excited to see that many of the limitations that had kept them from using television more extensively were addressed. Google TV Ads’ digital platform allowed for easy campaign set up and management and complete flexibility across 95 networks. â€Å"The fact that we could configure and run our campaigns through an online interface was really appealing.† says Gary. A Variety ShowLenovo’s goal was to use Google TV Ads to generate interest and sales by offering viewers a variety of discounts and promotions. But which promotions would be most effective and generate the greatest response? Gary and his team were eager to find out. â€Å"We worked with an agency to create 50 plus promotional variations of our existing ad which saved us the money and trouble of producing a whole new creative,† Gary explains. This promotional strategy demanded a level of flexibility that was not available to Lenovo through the standard TV buying process. â€Å"Google did with TV what they’d done with search – they put control in the hands of the advertiser. The platform gave us the ability to easily upload ad creative and change them day-by-day based on our marketing needs.†Ã¢â‚¬ With 50 different versions of our commercial we had a lot of opportunity for experimentation,† says David Barbara, another member of Lenovo’s global interactive marketing team. â€Å"Be it free shipping or a 40 percent off discount — we could swap out any of our promotions as often as we wanted based on which deals we were running or which ads got the best response.† The more comfortable Lenovo got with the system, the more sophisticated their experiments became. David continually adjusted the campaigns to optimize reach and CPMs (cost per thousand impression). â€Å"We started to better understand which networks gave us the level of impressions we needed to make an impact.†Channeling successIn some of their ads, Lenovo featured a vanity URL – ExperienceLenovo.com – developed exclusively for their Google TV Ads. By tracking up tick in traffic to the website, the team learned that TV Ads enabled Lenovo to reach new, qualified audiences. â€Å"We found that 68 percent of the traffic to ExperienceLenovo.com was direct, meaning users were typing the URL directly into their browsers. The only way they could have gotten there was if they remembered the URL from the television spots we ran with Google,† says Gary. â€Å"Additionally, about 65 percent of people who created a customer account with the site during the time we were running Google TV Ads had never interacted with a Lenovo site before.† This meant that L enovo was attracting new customers. Google TV Ads worked so well for Lenovo that the team had decided to do more  of it. â€Å"TV advertising has not only brought us increased brand awareness, but it has impacted our success online as well – and Google put all of that within our reach.†Ã¢â‚¬ The Google TV Ads platform gives us a flexible, measurable alternative to network buys,† Gary said, â€Å"but most importantly, it lets us control our own destiny.†BRAND AMBASSADORYesterday, PC Company Lenovo, Worldwide Partner of the Olympic Torch Relay and TOP Sponsor of the Beijing Olympic Games 2008, launched its second phase of three online auctions in India as part of a global online philanthropic countdown to the Olympic Games. Just as the Beijing 2008 Olympic Torch Relay travels around the world, a new Lenovo auction is beginning each week in a different country, as a countdown down to the Olympic Games. The auction features limited-edition, notebook PCs inspired by the Lenovo-designed Beijing 2008 Olympic Torch, and signed by Saif Ali Khan, the Bellwood star. The limited-edition notebook PC offers the Olympic fans the opportunity to bid and own a part of Olympic history, with a personal touch by Saif Ali Khan. The auction site will be closed at midnight of Friday, May 23rd, 2008. The third and final phase of auction in India will begin on July 29th, 2008. Saif Ali Khan was one of the six Lenovo torchbearers who ran with the Lenovo-designed torch ‘Cloud of Promise’ in the New Delhi leg of the Olympic Torch Relay on April 17th. The other five comprised Leander Peas (Tennis professional) Amar Babu (Managing Director, Lenovo India), S Ramadorai, Jaishankar K and Dr. Vaibhav Bagaria, the Open Nomination winner from Nagpur. The first phase of the auction, held in February, saw very encouraging response from Indians, with over a dozen bids and over thousand page views in India alone. The first notebook, Lenovo 3000 V200, was auctioned for $ 825.99Hundred percent of the proceeds from the auction will be distributed through the Lenovo Hope Fund to select philanthropies, including Right to Play. ENVIRONMENT Lenovo is committed to environmental leadership in all of its  business activities, from its operations to the design of its products and use of its technology. Lenovo’s corporate policy on environmental affairs is supported by the company’s global environmental management system, which is the key element of the company’s efforts to achieve results consistent with environmental leadership and ensures the company is vigilant in protecting the environment across all of its operations worldwide. Climate ChangeIn recognition of the need for control of the greenhouse gases for which industry is responsible, Lenovo has set a voluntary target of improving our operational carbon efficiency by 10% by 2012, against a baseline of 2007. This 2007 baseline will be published in our 2007/8 Sustainability Report. The Lenovo Energy CalculatorThis tool uses actual energy calculations from internal Lenovo testing, to determine the energy savings on our Lenovo desktops, notebooks and monitors. The energy savings are based on an estimated usage model for various configurations. Costs per Kilowatt Hour are based on 2007 US dollar calculations. Rates by country are based on 2007 information published by the United States Department of Energy. CO2 emission factors are from the US Dept. of Energy’s most recent data published in 2002. The tool allows you to select â€Å"Customize† and input your specific cost, CO2 emission factor and usage profile. Please select the â€Å"More Info† tab in the tool for more details on using these features. The Lenovo Energy Calculator provides an estimate and should only be used as a guide. Lenovo does not guarantee the savings as your company’s usage mayNew Lenovo-Designed Beijing 2008 Olympic Torch Relay Components Unveiled BEIJING February 5, 2008 – In addition to designing the Beijing 2008 Olympic Torch that will travel the world on its way to herald the arrival of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, Lenovo has designed new torch relay components including the Lantern and Local City Cauldrons. The lantern houses the Olympic flame once it is lit in Olympia, Greece and safely carries the â€Å"mother flame† from city to city for the duration of the relay while the Olympic cauldron will be lit by the day’s last torchbearer at each end-of-day city celebration.The design extends the ‘Cloud of Promise’ design motif from the Olympic Torch to the lantern and cauldron. Lenovo’s designers  drew their inspiration for the lantern from the traditional lanterns that once adorned the walls of ancient Chinese palaces. PROMOTIONSKAUN BANEGA CROREPATI Lenovo gains from promotion through Kaun Banega CrorepatiChina based maker of personal computersLenovo has said that they have achieved tremendous sales boost and brand awareness inIndia through their marketing initiatives. The company specially credited their sponsorship of the popular gaming show on the television featuring Amitabh Bachchan, Kaun Banega Crorepati. Senior vice PrPROMOTION IN MALLCandid Marketing has created a unique activity to take the new Idea Pad brand by Lenovo to masses through experiential marketing. A mall promotion has been designed by the agency keeping in mind the brand’s target audience, and to interactively communicate product features. A large ‘Idea Meter’ bulb was created similar to that of the Idea Pad brand logo, and participants were invited to take part in a contest of witty ideas. The winner would be the one with the wittiest idea, which reflected through the intensity with which the ‘idea bulb’ glowed. The glow of the bulb is determined by the audience’s reaction to the idea. Winners of the Idea Meter contest took home brand merchandise. The promotion area also doubled up as a space in which customers could test the features of the new product line and sample the product itself. The activity traveled through malls and larger retails formats of six major metros in the country – Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Collate and Mumbai. The activity kick started on 21 June 2008 and will continue till 3 August 2008. Candid Marketing was involved with conceptualizing, designing and developing the Idea Meter. The task was to intrigue customers and lead them into sampling the product and increase awareness of the new series, said an agency representative.

Preparing Financial Statement

Prepare a Set of Financial Statements Samson Company adjusted account balances as of December 31, 2005 are as follows (some noted balances are Jan. 1, 2005): Sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1,200,000 Purchases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810,000 Marketable securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,000 Purchase discounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,000 Purchase returns and allowances . . . . . . . . . . . 2,000 Extraordinary loss due to earthquake, net of applicable taxes of $15,000. . . . . . . . . . . . 35,000 Selling expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,000 Cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,000 Accounts receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,000 Common stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,000 Accumulated depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,000 Paid-in-capital in excess of par . . . . . . . . . . 30,000 Inventory, January 1, 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,000 Inventory , December 31, 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,000 Accounts payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,000 Salaries payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,000 Cash surrender value of life insurance . . . . . . 22,000 Patents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,000 Retained earnings, January 1, 2005 . . . . . . . . . 60,600 Interest expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,000 General and administrative expenses . . . . . . . . . 160,000 Dividend revenue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,000 Allowance for doubtful accounts . . . . . . . . . . . 3,000 Notes payable (maturity 7/1/07) . . . . . . . . . . . 105,000 Machinery and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,000 Income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,600 Treasury stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,000 Dividends declared and paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,000 Prepare multi-step income statement: Samson Company Income Statement For the Year Ended December 31, 2 005 Sales $1,200,000 Cost of Goods Sold: Beginning inventory $149,000 Purchases $810,000 Purchase discounts ( 20,000) Purchase returns and allowances ( 2,000) ——- Net purchases 788,000 ——- Goods available for sale 937,000 Ending inventory 120,000 ——-Cost of goods sold 817,000 ——— Gross profit 383,000 Operating expenses: Selling expenses 114,000 General and administrative expenses 160,000 ——- Total operating expenses 274,000 ——— Operating income 109,000 Other income (expense): Dividend revenue 6,000 Interest expense ( 13,000) ——- Total other income (expense) ( 7,000) ——— Income before income taxes 102,000Income taxes 30,600 ——— Income before extraordinary item 71,400 Extraordinary loss due to earthquake, net of applicable taxes of $15,000 ( 35,000) ——– Net income $36,400 ======== Prepare a Statement of Retained Earnings: Samson Company Statement of Retained Earnings For the Year Ended December 31, 2005 Retained earnings, January 1, 2005 $60,600 Plus net income 36,400 Less dividends ( 8,000) ——- Retained earnings, December 31, 2005 79,000 ======= Prepare a classified Balance Sheet: Samson Company Balance Sheet December 31, 2005 Assets Current Assets: Cash $ 90,000 Marketable securities 15,000 Accounts receivable $ 60,000 Less allowance for doubtful accounts ( 3,000) ——- 57,000 Inventories 120,000 ——– Total Current Assets 282,000 Property, Plant, and EquipmentMachinery and Equipment $150,000 Less accumulated depreciation ( 42,000) ——– Total Property, Plant, and Equipment 108,000 Other Assets: Cash surrender value of life insurance $ 22,000 Patents 18,000 ——- Total Other Assets 40,000 ——- Total Assets $430,000 ======== Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity Liabilities: Current Liabilities: Accoun ts payable $ 71,000 Salaries payable 5,000 —— Total Current Liabilities 76,000 Long-term Liabilities Notes payable 105,000 ——- Total Liabilities 181,000 Stockholders' Equity: Common stock $150,000 Paid-in-capital in excess of par 30,000 Retained earnings 79,000 Treasury stock ( 10,000) ——- Total Stockholders' Equity 249,000 ——- Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity $430,000 ========

inventors essays

inventors essays Mr. Hughes starts off the article by explaining the prosperity of American invention from the end of the civil war to the beginning of WWI. The numbers of patents in America at this time were more than Britain, France, and Germany had all together. He will be discussing four major inventors of the time, all of which made major contributions to the electrical industry. The in inventors are Thomas Edison, Nikola Tesla, inventor of modern electric-power transmission; Elmer Sperry, pioneer in the field of automatic controls; and Lee De Forest, inventor of the modern vacuum tube. The field of invention back then differed from its modern form. Todays inventors are in industrial or governmental labs, none of the early inventors had this problem. These modern labs tend to slow down the inventive momentum of the inventor. These labs tend to make 5% refinements rather than 95% breakthroughs. There were such think tanks in the earlier times. Nikoli Tesla briefly worked in Edisons. After inventors of the time achieved economic independence they tended to do there own work. Edison created his own lab with, which was very impressive for the day, creating more than 1000 patents in his name. Because of the freedom of the time inventors had to narrow down what they would focus on. This was done w/ varying methods. They would look at previous patents on which improvements could be made, or they would search many different journals to get ideas from. So the inventors of the day did utilize collaboration from others just in a different way, such as entries published in journals. The next subject discussed was the capabilities of metaphor in invention, most of the great inventors were said to have used this method to help them along. Aristotle once wrote, Metaphor is a sign of genius, since a good metaphor implies an intuitive perception of the similarity in the dissimilar. Edison ...

Evidence-Based Practice Example

Evidence Evidence Evidence-Based Practice Evidence-Based Practice Research in nursing is a systematic study that encompasses testing, evaluation of programs and development of methods designed to test a generalized hypothesis. Human subject is a living individual from whom an investigator obtains information by with interacting with the person. An investigator decides if the study is to involve participation of human. Involvement of human subjects in a scientific study requires the researcher to familiarize and adhere to regulations that govern participants’ rights and safety (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2011).Protecting Vulnerable PopulationsCertain groups of human subjects including prisoners, children, students, and individuals whose capacity to consent is questionable are relatively incapable of protecting their interests as research participants (Berg & Latin, 2008, p. 18). Legally, children are not at the right age to consent to research or treatment and, therefore, only parents and the le gal guardians have the right to provide consent for children to take part in a research investigation. Methods for protecting vulnerable groups include informed consent and intuitional issues. Informed consent as an ethical, legal and regulatory concept forms an integral part of research that involves human research participants. A written consent document is a vital component of a proposal submitted to an Instructional Review Board (IRB). IRB has the mandate to review and validates all the research study involving human subjects. The document informs the prospective participant on the need to participate in the study and to make an informed decision. Institutional issue is another method used in the protection of personal rights of vulnerable individuals in a research study. Institutional contexts demand that voluntaries in a research study receive special care. Protection is mostly relevant in prisons and care homes.ReferencesBerg, K. E., & Latin, R. W. (2008). Essentials of Resea rch Methods in Health, Physical Education, Exercise Science, and Recreation. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2011). Evidence-based Practice in Nursing & Healthcare: A Guide to Best Practice. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Constitution Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Constitution Paper - Essay Example 3. â€Å"He has rejected his Assent to Statutes, the majorly wholesome and important for the civic good†. These remains tackled by the whole constitution through establishing the configuration of the state and in Article IV paragraph 2 â€Å"This constitution†¦ shall be the highest statute of the earth† 4. â€Å"He has forbidden his Governors to pass Statutes of instant and imperative significance, unless postponed in their function till his Assent must remain acquired†; and when so postponed, he has completely ignored to listen to them†. This remains handled through the listed powers in Article I section 8. It narrates what the state remains permitted to perform and in Amendments 9 and 10 where everything else remains preserved to the individuals and the governments. 5. â€Å"He has assembled collectively legislative organs at areas uncommon, uncomfortable, and far from the store of their civic Records for the one aim of tiring them into conformity w ith his steps†. This remains tackled through Article I Section 4 â€Å"The parliament shall meet at least one time annually, and such congregation must be on the earliest Monday in December, except they through statute select a varying day†. ... (At this moment, no restrain of periods had remained fixed). b. Assembly has the authority to lay and collect taxes and control trade with foreign countries, and within the governments. c. The judicial authority will remain vested in a single highest court and lower courts. d. To suggest modifications to the Constitution, two thirds of the two Houses vote to suggest a modification. To approve an alteration, three fourths of the government parliaments should endorse it. e. Assembly has the authority to form and promote military and navy, and to create policies and guidelines for the military and navy to stand by. The Great Compromise remained an accord made amongst the parties to the Constitutional Convention that the American state could have two houses in Assembly: the Senate where every government has double senators and the House of Representatives where every government has several Representatives founded on demography. Due to the Great Compromise of 1787, the Constitution offere d for crucially varying kinds of Representation in the House and Senate. Membership in the House remains relative to the demography of the government. The figure of Representatives to which every government remains permitted has determination each ten years following a countrywide poll, or head tally has remained taken. In the initial Assembly, every party to the House signified 30,000 constituents (Peterson, 2009). Through the 103rd Assembly, the middle House party signified almost 600,000 constituents. Initially, the figure of Representatives increased with every poll, from 105 the 1790 poll to 435 following the 1910 poll. Then Assembly solidified the figure at 435 to maintain the House at a controllable dimension. The

6 questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

6 questions - Essay Example The auditors were in the opinion that these cards needed to be reflected as unrealized sales, as the services had not yet been provided. The audit staff of the PWC affiliated audit firm disagreed with the accounting policy used for recognizing revenue related to LDI calling cards. Accordingly, the staff mentioned in its report that the profit was overstated in the financial statements by Rs280 million. No. It was a common practice worldwide and in Pakistan that the revenues were booked on the basis of sale of prepaid cards and not on their usage, therefore it meant that the audit company was not adhering to the internationally recognized standards. It was unfair to the company for the auditors to effect such sudden changes in the revenue recognition policy without any prior notice to the company management, it was improper and unprofessional. Yes. To challenge the Directives of the regulatory body such as the Security and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP) as the only the commission that had the authority to appoint a new auditor in place of the former auditor removed by the company. The impact of this will be that the company would be able to successfully remove PWC as external auditors by claiming professional negligence that resulted in huge losses to the company shareholders. The company would be able to appoint a new auditor that would comply to international standards regarding the revenue recognition policy. Yes. I agree with the accusations made by the company because first and foremost the PWC audit firm did not take due international standard procedures in effecting the policy change on revenue recognition and further failing to inform the management of the company. Yes. The SECP was responsible for ensuring compliance with regulations by the listed companies. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan (ICAP) was the