Jan Lokpal Bill - 3326 Words

Jan lokpal bill 2011 The article describes the various salient features of Jan lokpal bill of Anna Hazare. It also states the corruption in India and the need for anti-corruption laws.It also tells the news and updates on the lokpal bill and how the Jan lokpal bill differs from the government lokpal bill. Why is there a need for anti-corruption laws? All of us are aware of the fact that the country, whom we love so much has been in the clutches and the diabolical jaws of the virus, called corruption. Corruption in India is the main cause of its every failure. Every developmental project and the defense requirements are being overshadowed by the corrupt officials. Even the very magistrates who are believed to be the axis of the law are†¦show more content†¦However, there has been several criticisms against the governments decisions and actions against corruption. Some of the deficiencies in the present anti-corruption system of India are as follows: Deficiency in the Central Vigilance commission †¢ The Central Vigilance commission was accorded the duty of dealing with the disciplinary standards of the country. However, it does not have the adequate resource and capital required to complete its task. Its present work force is about less than 200 but it is supposed to check corruptions in more than 2000 departments related to the central and the state government. Moreover, a small amount of salary is paid to the working staff of the commission that acts as an disincentive to work. †¢ It is merely an advisory body as it does not have the power to enforce its final decision on the government. Central Vigilance Commissions advice is not binding on the government. it is free to hear or reject those suggestions. †¢ Even after hearing the case, it cannot order CBI branch of corruption to execute the case under its discretion. It has to seek the permission of the department whose officials are involved in the case. It is a very vague concept as none of the party members shall permit the further hearing of the case that either results in its cancellation or unrequited delay. †¢ Since CVI is appointed by the law of the government, its members and the other committees are appointed by the governmentShow MoreRelatedJan Lokpal Bill1567 Words   |  7 Pages------------------------------------------------- Jan Lokpal Bill From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The  Jan Lokpal Bill, also referred to as the  citizens ombudsman bill, is a proposed independent anti-corruption law in  India. Anti-corruption social activists proposed it as a more effective improvement to the original  Lokpal bill, which is currently being proposed by the  Government of India.[1] The Jan Lokpal Bill aims to effectively deter corruption, redress grievances of citizens, and protect  whistle-blowersRead MoreLok Pal Bill3155 Words   |  13 PagesJan Lokpal Bill From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Merge-arrows.svg It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Lokpal. (Discuss) Proposed since June 2011. In India, the Jan Lokpal Bill (Hindi: à ¤Å"à ¤ ¨ à ¤ ²Ã  ¥â€¹Ã  ¤â€¢Ã  ¤ ªÃ  ¤ ¾Ã  ¤ ² à ¤ µÃ  ¤ ¿Ã  ¤ §Ã  ¥â€¡Ã  ¤ ¯Ã  ¤â€¢) (also referred to as the citizens ombudsman bill) is a proposed anti-corruption law designed to effectively deter corruption, redress grievances and protect whistleblowers. The law would create an ombudsman called the Jan Lokpal; this would be an independent bodyRead MoreLokpal Bill2301 Words   |  10 PagesKONERU LAKSHMAIAH UNIVERSITY SEMINAR PRESENTION TOPIC: LOKPAL BILL SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY: Dr. V.SARADA B.SEKHAR BABU Read MoreBank and Essay20871 Words   |  84 PagesBank Exams - Jagran Josh www.jagranjosh.com/articles-important-essays-for-bank-exams-1314356... Important Essays: Find Essay writing topics, Essay writing tips, Essay writing formats and other Important Essays for SBI and other Bank exams. ‎Jan Lokpal Bill -  Ã¢â‚¬Å½Corruption In India -  Ã¢â‚¬Å½Role of media in a democracy 3. Free banking Essays and Papers - Free Essays www.123helpme.com/search.asp?text=banking Free banking papers, essays, and research papers. 4. Essay topics ~ Bank Exams www.sbank.in/2011/04/essay-topicsRead MoreEssay on AAM ADMI Party: A Revolution in the Politics of India1279 Words   |  6 PagesIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, where he studied Mechanical Engineering. He is a former Indian Revenue Service (IRS) officer and former Joint Commissioner in the Income Tax Department. He is well-known for his role in drafting a proposed Jan Lokpal Bill and his efforts to bring and implement the Right to Information (RTI) act at the grassroot level. Kejriwal won the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Emergent Leadership in 2006 for his contribution to the enactment of the Right to Information Act andRead MoreSocial And Social Functions Of Social Institutions2316 Words   |  10 Pagesand growth impeding rituals and ideologies, people used to hold to. People are slowly realising things and are able to stand with the just and right. Though much more needs to be done in this regard. Political System – The Anna movement for the Jan Lokpal Bill was a huge blow to the sitting government. People after decades took to streets in huge numbers to demand for their rights and questioned the intention of the political elites. They had become conscious of their long-held needs not finding successRead MorePolitical Scenario in India2751 Words   |  12 Pageswhich could put voters in puzzles to decide their right candidates to send to the Parliament. The year 2012 was full high voltage political activities, since the beginning of the year the ‘Jan Lokpal Bill’ has been in the news. The nation has witnessed the campaign of Hanna Hazare and Ramdev over the bill. However, there were many rounds of talks between the civil society members and UPA government to finalize the issues, but the result was same. Arvind Kejriwal, the most active member of IndiaRead MoreMost Basic and Frequently Asked Interview Questions and Answers10148 Words   |  41 Pagespharmacy college and 6 B.Ed colleges and hundreds of schools and junior colleges. Ramagundam (including Godavarikhani Fertilizer city Town) is a Town, mandal and Municipal Corporation (recently upgraded from municipal council to Municipal Corporation in Jan 2010) in the Karimnagar district. It is the City Of Energy. Ramagundam is situated in the Godavari Valley coalfields and has one of India’slargest thermal power stations, run by NTPC. Karimnagar was originally called Kareem Nagar, deriving its name

A Place Where The Soul Can Rest By Bell Hooks - 1083 Words

While listening to a story, one can engross his or herself in the action, experiencing the events vicariously. By experiencing the story one can gain an understanding of the purpose that the author is trying to portray. In â€Å"A Place Where the Soul Can Rest† by bell hooks and â€Å"How to Make a Slave† by Jerald Walker the audience is taken on a journey through the progression of each of the author s life experiences dealing with racism and sexism. Through use of anecdotes the audience develops a comprehension for both of the authors’ lives, witnessing their hardships of being subordinates in a white, male dominated society. Although both authors bring awareness to the atrocities of racism and sexism, hooks’ story’s purpose stands above†¦show more content†¦Sitting on the porch with her sisters, hooks saw that â€Å"next to the white drivers in the front would be the dog and in the back seat the black worker.† This subtle image ta ught hooks the â€Å"interconnectedness of race and class,† and a demeaning message that white people placed animals ahead of African-Americans. Taking the high road, hooks attempted to spark conversation with her white neighbors; however, she was turned down and ridiculed. While trying to be friendly, hooks was told that â€Å"they came to this side of town to be rid of lazy blacks.† Time and time again racial and sexist tensions worked against Hooks, but instead of letting injustice get the best of her she made her porch a place of â€Å"antiracist resistance.† Hooks’ porch was an oasis in the male/white desert that dried up her life. On hooks’ porch she could experience the peace and joy she had as a child sitting on her porch with her sisters before her father came home. Hooks could have talked back to the white people that mocked her, but instead she chose the high road and conquered race with peace. Similarly to hooks, Walker tells his life story through his eyes, the point of view of an African-American male. Walker gives anecdotes that inform us of key themes in his upbringing. From a young age Walker saw humanity divided by color. Seemingly unable to let go of past racism in society, Walker’s girlfriend claimed that he was â€Å"the first person she has ever known who has taughtShow MoreRelated The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B Dubois Essay3329 Words   |  14 Pages The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B Dubois The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B Dubois is a influential work in African American literature and is an American classic. 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Does Deterrence Work Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Does Deterrence Work Essay, Research Paper ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Disincentive is a theory of International dealingss based in Realism. Basically, it tries to explicate the state of affairs of when two or more provinces threaten revenge if attacked, in order to discourage the onslaught. It is hence possible to really merely province disincentive as You hit me, I hit you. For this essay, two chief inquiries have to be addressed, ? Has it worked? ? and? Does it do sense? ? To answer these inquiries, I will foremost specify what disincentive is, I will so analyze some of the chief statements for and against it, in theory and in world ; eventually, I will demo some of the effects of provinces following such a policy. Deterrence, as already stated, can concern itself with any signifier of threatened counter-attack, nevertheless, for this essay, I shall be concentrating on Nuclear disincentive, utilizing illustrations from the cold war, hence, when the word ? disincentive? is used, it should be taken as? atomic disincentive? . Hedley Bull describes disincentive as follows: To state that state A deters state B from making something is to connote the followers: ( I ) That Country A conveys to State B a menace to bring down penalty or want of values if it embarks on a certain class of action ; ( two ) That Country B might otherwise ship on that class of action ; ( three ) That State B believes that Country A has the capacity and the will to transport out the menace, and decides for this ground that the class of action is non worthwhile. Therefore, for disincentive to occur, a province must convey a message to another province, normally these will be the public an important vocalizations of authorities functionaries. Second, to utilize Hedley Bulls? linguistic communication, state B would see following a class of action which Country A does non wish and does non because of the menace # 8211 ; non because it has no involvement to. Third, Country A must be able to convince Country B that it is capable of transporting out its disincentive menace and is prepared to utilize it. Common disincentive is where two or more provinces deter each other from following a set of actions # 8211 ; efficaciously a base off or a deadlock between the histrions. The construct of disincentive can be seen easy in public statements, for illustration, Churchill told Parliament on Britains H bomb was, the hindrance upon the Soviet brotherhood by seting her # 8230 ; .on an equality or near equality of exposure, a Soviet onslaught would convey down upon them at one time a oppressing weight of atomic revenge and a atomic war would ensue in common obliteration. Similarly, the United States issued a formal hindrance warning in January 1954 denoting an purpose of more trust on deterrent power and # 8230 ; .a great capacity to retaliate, immediately, by agencies and at topographic points of our ain choosing. This was qualified a little while subsequently, a possible attacker be left in no uncertainty that he would be certain to endure harm outweighing any possible additions from aggression. These statements ended the epoch of the inexplicit menace which had been apparent to the universe since Hiroshima, and fulfils Hedley Bulls? foremost standards for disincentive. There are a figure of effects to the menace of disincentive. In relation to the cold war, some argue that it escalated the weaponries race and the menace of a atomic war was increased ; conversely, some argue it brought peace. An interesting phenomena was the war by placeholder, where the world powers would both indirectly support opposing provinces or cabals within provinces to restrict each others sphere of influence. Third universe provinces with inclinations towards one of the world powers were supported by that power and became? client-states? . The world powers? purpose were to derive influence and power in that peculiar part, thereby maximizing power for some hereafter usage, for illustration, utilizing it as a knock on consequence to derive other provinces or to command the part through the client province. Any 3rd universe province which was a client of the world powers could anticipate any internal resistance to be supported by the other world power, likewise, any opposing province would besides have support. With the exclusions of Korea ( 1950-54 ) , Vietnam ( 1965-74 ) and Afghanistan ( 1979-86 ) where one side was drawn into direct struggle, both sides avoided direct intercession, preferring to indirectly support groups or provinces already involved. If one world power did acquire involved straight, the inevitable terminal would be a big graduated table war # 8211 ; as what happened in the above three exclusions. If both were straight involved, the about inevitable terminal would be an escalation to atomic arms. The consequence was foremost the addition in costs for the world powers overall scheme. The chief result was by utilizing these 3rd universe states as pawns for their war, they increased the degree of engineering used by each side to contend each other, ensuing in much more terrible struggles. There are many illustrations of indirect intercession, the most good known on a regional footing are: Israel and the Arab provinces ( 1948-90 ) and the Horn of Africa ( 1970-90 ) . Internal struggles include Cuba ( 1959-90 ) , Iraq ( 1958-78 ) and Libya ( 1969-80 ) . Michael Walzer argues from a consequentialist point if position that disincentive is right. His theory maintains that, since human wellbeing is the footing of judging an action, moral opinions will be based on the chance of conveying about a greater good or lesser immorality. Whilst Walzer does non deny that the menace of destructing 1000000s of people # 8211 ; necessarily inexperienced persons and civilians in a atomic war # 8211 ; violates common morality, he argues that under the conditions of the cold war which he describes as a supreme exigency , the West is justified in publishing such a menace. For Walzer, the Soviet menace constitutes at hand danger which threatens societys ultimate values. A menace on inexperienced persons and onslaughts on them can be justified when the feared result of non publishing the menace is intolerable and can non be tolerated. Walzer farther argues that the saving of freedom and a societys right to manus it down to their posterities is of overruling importance. Self-defense is impossible against an enemy prepared to utilize atomic arms, the lone safety is a balance of panic. The common fright created by disincentive, Walzer states is a restraint on a atomic exchange occurring, hopefully intending that it could neer occur. We threaten evil in order non to make it, and the making of it would be so awful that the menace seems in comparing to be morally defendable. Walzer continues, that disincentive does non really affect making anything to other people. the scheme has so far been exsanguine and most believe that the menace will neer go world, forestalling any signifier of atomic holocaust, foreign domination ( by the Soviets ) or atomic blackmail. This defense mechanism of disincentive has a figure of jobs. First, it assumes that the devastation of 1000000s of persons, including those on both sides is more preferred than to populate under a foreign regulation or being able to go through the right to be free to posterities, this appears to be a instance of better dead than ruddy . A state of affairs where Walzer feels that it is better to be killed in a atomic holocaust than non hold basic human rights perceived non to be allowed in the Soviet Union. The defense mechanism has a definite western prejudice to it, portraying the Soviets as the evil expansionists and would assail if states such as the United States did non publish such menaces. Whilst it can non be said that the United States was non under any menace, it is hard to state whether the sensed menace from the Soviets was as a effect of issues such as disincentive, which can be seen to hold led to the physique up of weaponries and escalations in wars in the 3rd universe, or if deterrence so managed to prevent the Soviets from assailing and the other related issues were non connected or led to deterrence. The unfavorable judgment of disincentive are rather widespread, they fall in to two wide overlapping classs, theoretical and practical. Theoretically, the construct has internal contradictions which in order to understand, hold to be considered in the broader context of pragmatism. Realism is based on the premise that states act rationally and that two provinces in a similar state of affairs will move in a similar manner, irrespective of internal ( i.e. cultural ) differences. This is the so called billiard ball attack of pragmatism: where each province is a billiard ball on the universe system tabular array. an interaction by two or more balls on the tabular array is governed by the Torahs of natural philosophies, likewise, an interaction between two or more provinces is governed by the same? cool and clearheaded ends-means computation? based O Ns perfect information and a careful deliberation of all possible alternate classs of action, in short, provinces act rationally. The first rule of pragmatism is for the province to support itself and its citizens from other provinces. The world powers tried to support themselves and their citizens by disincentive, a preventive method of guaranting peace. To guarantee that each side knew that the other sides menace was existent, the US-Soviet weaponries race escalated to heighten their 2nd work stoppage capableness # 8211 ; enabling a state to defy an initial work stoppage by an antagonist and retain the ability to revenge and bring down annihilating loses. Therefore the construct of Mutually Assured Destruction ( MAD ) was coined by policy shapers to characterize the strategic balance- atomic disincentive was like keeping a gun with two barrels, of which one points in front and the other points back at the guns? holder, to utilize it would guarantee serious hurt to yourself. At this point, disincentive appears at odds with pragmatism. What disincentive proposes is a system of defense mechanism which is of all time carried out ensures the devastation of a provinces ain people. This is straight at odds with the first rule that the province must protect its citizens and even further appears irrational. By protecting the province by disincentive methods, what really can happen is suicide, or more right, common homicide. To utilize Hedley Bulls? words once more, Country B must execute an irrational act for disincentive theory to be believable to Country A, if Country B ever acts rationally, it will neer utilize its atomic capablenesss, Country A will cognize that and so can disregard any menace which Country B makes. Deterrence becomes a game of bluff. The inquiry which now needs analyzing relates to Hedley Bulls? 3rd premise # 8211 ; that Country B has the will and the capacity to transport out the menace. Realistically, would a province really see traveling through the procedure of MAD to antagonize an onslaught? What signifier of onslaught would this relate to, would it hold to be a preemptive atomic work stoppage by the enemy or does disincentive let a atomic response to a conventional onslaught? Third, how does a province convince others that if attacked, it is irrational plenty to traverse the atomic threshold? The world appears to be that the possible effects during the cold war would hold been so lay waste toing that cipher is willing to name the other sides bluff. Hopefully these replies will neer hold any Empirical informations to give any replies. The 2nd theoretical unfavorable judgment involves the construct of second-strike capablenesss. Assuming that a atomic onslaught has been launched against Country B, the likeliness is it will be a devastating onslaught and the provinces? life is all but ended. If there is hence nil to defend, what is the point of transporting out the menace of lay waste toing the resistance? What is left of County B establishing its ain missiles will be doing devastation and 1000000s of deceases for no rational addition. It appears that under this scenario, the rational action is non to establish and at least save the lives of 1000000s of people and possibly let worlds the opportunity of lasting a holocaust. The motivations for directing a retaliatory or 2nd work stoppage when its ain state is annihilated is in revenge, requital, retaliation, a demand to inflict equal or more amendss on the resistance, maintaining the promise that it would happen: Decidedly non reason. The 3rd unfavorable judgment relates to the cold war. The United States and the Soviet Union were enemies over political orientation. The United States version was of upholding human rights such as freedom, life, self-respect and so on. If the United States used its 2nd work stoppage capableness after it had been efficaciously destroyed, it would be assailing out of requital, conflicting the rights of the Soviets and so traveling against the rules of the United States political orientation. It is possible to utilize Game Theory to explicate how two provinces moving rationally stop up doing irrational determinations, if it is taken that the first phase in disincentive is constructing the arms: Country A Build Not Build Country B Build 10 F 10 5 D 50 Not Build 50 E 5 25 C 25 It would be rational for both states non to construct ( C ) as they both have an equal capableness. However, because they can non swear each other and are worried that one may construct, traveling into? D? or? E? and the disadvantages that will convey, both build missiles ( F ) , ensuing in an equality of capablenesss, but overall, they are less good of than in? C? . This leads to the 2nd portion of the game, whether to utilize them: Country A Use arms Not utilize Country B Use arms 0 Z 0 0 Y 15 Not utilize 15 X 0 10 W 10 This 2nd game shows the comparative public-service corporation of utilizing the arms. There is an advantage in one side utilizing their arms foremost ( X or Yttrium ) but this is rapidly negated by the other states revenge ( Z ) , here, harmonizing to this theoretical account, both will lose. Besides, to seek to represent the unreason of the revenge or 2nd work stoppage, in cells? Ten? and? Y? the state non utilizing the arms has already received a mark of 0 which is meant to demo the unreason of traveling to? Z? . States rationally weigh up the odds, but the ultimate result if used is irrational. At this point a farther unfavorable judgment can be made, what happens if one side misjudges the game and sees an advantage in assailing? A mis-calculation could turn out black for both sides. In the atomic age, disincentive merely does non work, theoretically, morally or realistically. It is basically a menace to perpetrate suicide if attacked and is irrational. Disincentive is nevertheless a good established theory which can be seen to hold been used throughout history. In a pre-nuclear age, it is much more rational as it does non hold the concluding act of self-destruction. In a conventional manner, it is simply a menace to discourage and the menace can be carried out by conventional ground forcess without the mass devastation of inexperienced persons which appears inevitable in the post-war epoch. Disincentive can be seen to be a good established theory which has been overtaken by engineering and made irrational and has yet been unable to accommodate to the new state of affairs. To travel back to the two inquiries asked in the debut? Has it worked? ? and? Does it do sense? ? It appears that despite its obvious jobs. Deterrence has worked on the one BASIC degree, atomic war has non occurred. It is nevertheless easy to conceive of that given the unfavorable judgment of the theory, atomic war has non occurred despite disincentive and that disincentive has led to an escalation of the weaponries race and shut state of affairss such as the Cuban Missile Crisis ( 1962 ) . There appears to be other ways in which the atomic job may hold been solved, the most obvious is non to construct the bombs in the first topographic point. However, the deficiency of trust between the two world powers # 8211 ; who were enemies, as expressed in Game theory shows how the edifice of weaponries is about ineluctable. Trust, or the deficiency of it, appears to be the drive motivation behind disincentive and shows its strong links with pragmatism, picturing the universe as an lawlessness where co-operation and trust are at best, minimal. The two sides did non swear each other on a figure of degrees, foremost they did non swear each other non to do the arms, secondly they did non trust each other to utilize them in a preemptive work stoppage and thirdly they did non trust each other non to utilize them in a retaliatory or 2nd work stoppage capacity. This 3rd degree of trust appears the ground why a atomic war neer has broken out. Both sides are more than aware of the effects and are unwilling to name each others bluff. Deterrence therefore is a game of bluff, it is about converting the enemy that a state is irrational plenty to travel MAD ( Common Assured Destruction ) . In the atomic context, it merely works whilst each side believes that the menace is existent # 8211 ; the states involved believe each other irrational plenty to utilize it. The menace has to be a believable one but if it was of all time carried out it will be black. Deterrence is based on histrions being rational in discouraging possible aggression but find themselves in an irrational state of affairs, efficaciously subscribing themselves to suicide if war of all time broke out. Deterrence finally is a really unsafe game of bluff which merely works whilst everyone believes in it. Theoretically it is irrational and based on emotions of retaliation and so does non do much sense in the realist position to which it is set. Bibliography. Calvocoressi, P. World Politics Since 1945. 6th edition. Longman. London. 1991 Finnis, Boyle and Grised. Nuclear Disincentive, Morality and Realism. Clarendon Press. Oxford. 1989 Hedley Bull. The Anarchic Society. 2nd edition. Macmillan. London. 1995 Kegley and Wittkopf. World Politics. 5th edition. St. Martins Press. New York. 1995

Biography of Camilo Cienfuegos, Cuban Revolutionary

Biography of Camilo Cienfuegos, Cuban Revolutionary Camilo Cienfuegos (February 6, 1932–October 28, 1969) was a leading figure of the Cuban Revolution, along with Fidel Castro and Chà © Guevara. He defeated Batista forces at the Battle of Yaguajay in December 1958, and after the triumph of the Revolution in early 1959 he took on a position of authority in the Army. Cienfuegos is considered one of the greatest heroes of the Revolution and every year Cuba celebrates the anniversary of his death. Fast Facts: Camilo Cienfuegos Known For: Cienfuegos was a key guerilla leader in the Cuban Revolution.Also Known As: Camilo Cienfuegos GorriarnBorn: February 6, 1932 in Havana, CubaDied: October 28, 1959 (Presumed dead after his plane disappeared over the Straits of Florida)Education: Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes San AlejandroNotable Quote: Vas bien, Fidel  (Youre doing fine, Fidel)  (Uttered during a revolutionary rally in 1959 after Fidel Castro asked Cienfuegos how his speech was going) Early Life Camilo Cienfuegos Gorriarn was born in Havana, Cuba, on February 6, 1932. As a young man, he was artistically inclined; he even attended art school but was forced to drop out when he could no longer afford it. Cienfuegos went to the United States for a time in the early 1950s in search of work but returned disillusioned. As a teenager, he became involved in protests of government policies, and as the situation in Cuba worsened, he became more and more involved in the struggle against president Fulgencio Batista. In 1955, he was shot in the leg by Batistas soldiers. According to Cienfuegos, that was the moment at which he decided he would strive to free Cuba from the Batista dictatorship. Revolution Cienfuegos moved to Mexico, where he met up with Fidel Castro, who was putting together an expedition to head back to Cuba and start a revolution. Camilo eagerly joined up and was one of 82 rebels packed into the 12-passenger yacht Granma, which left Mexico on November 25, 1956, and arrived in Cuba a week later. The Cuban Army discovered the rebels and killed most of them, but a small group of survivors was able to hide and later regroup. The 19 rebels spent several weeks in the Sierra Maestra mountains. Comandante Camilo As one of the survivors of the Granma group, Cienfuegos had a certain prestige with Fidel Castro that the others who joined the revolution later did not. By the middle of 1957, he had been promoted to comandante and had his own command. In 1958, the tide began to turn in favor of the rebels, and Cienfuegos was ordered to lead one of three columns to attack the city of Santa Clara (another was commanded by Chà © Guevara). One squad was ambushed and wiped out, but Guevara and Cienfuegos ultimately converged on Santa Clara. The Battle of Yaguajay Cienfuegoss force, joined by local farmers and peasants, reached the small army garrison at Yaguajay in December 1958 and besieged it. There were about 250 soldiers inside under the command of Cuban-Chinese captain Abon Ly. Cienfuegos attacked the garrison but was repeatedly driven back. He even tried putting together a makeshift tank out of a tractor and some iron plates, but the plan was not successful. Eventually, the garrison ran out of food and ammunition and surrendered on December 30. The next day, the revolutionaries captured Santa Clara. (Today, a museum in Cienfuegos honor- the Museo Nacional Camilo Cienfuegos- stands in Yaguajay.) After the Revolution The loss of Santa Clara and other cities convinced Batista to flee the country, bringing the revolution to a close. The handsome, affable Cienfuegos was very popular, and upon the success of the revolution was probably the third most powerful man in Cuba, after Fidel and Raà ºl Castro. He was promoted to head of the Cuban armed forces in early 1959. In this capacity, he assisted the new Castro regime as it made changes to the Cuban government. Arrest of Matos and Disappearance In October 1959, Fidel Castro began to suspect that Huber Matos, another one of the original revolutionaries, was plotting against him. He sent Cienfuegos to arrest Matos, as the two were good friends. According to later interviews with Matos, Cienfuegos was reluctant to carry out the arrest, but followed his orders and did so. Matos was sentenced and served 20 years in prison. On the night of October 28, Cienfuegos flew back from Camaguey to Havana after completing the arrest. His plane disappeared and no trace of Cienfuegos or the airplane was ever found. After a few frantic days of searching, the hunt was called off. Death Cienfuegos’s disappearance and presumed death have caused many to wonder if Fidel or Raà ºl Castro had him killed. There is some compelling evidence on both sides, and historians have not yet reached a conclusion. Given the circumstances of the case, it is possible that the truth will never be known. The case against: Cienfuegos was very loyal to Fidel, even arresting his good friend Huber Matos when the evidence against him was weak. He had never given the Castro brothers any cause to doubt his loyalty or competence. He had risked his life many times for the Revolution. Chà © Guevara, who was so close to Cienfuegos that he named his son after him, denied that the Castro brothers had anything to do with Cienfuegoss death. The case for: Cienfuegos was the only revolutionary figure whose popularity rivaled Fidel’s, and as such was one of a very few people who could go against him if he wished. Cienfuegos’s dedication to communism was suspect- for him, the Revolution was about removing Batista. Also, he had recently been replaced as head of the Cuban Army by Raà ºl Castro, a sign that perhaps they were planning to move on him. Legacy It will probably never be known for sure what happened to Cienfuegos. Today, the fighter is considered one of the great heroes of the Cuban Revolution. He has his own monument at the site of the Yaguajay battlefield, and every year on October 28 Cuban schoolchildren throw flowers into the ocean for him. Cienfuegos also appears on Cuban currency. Sources Brown, Jonathan C. Cubas Revolutionary World. Harvard University Press, 2017.Kapcia, Antoni. Leadership in the Cuban Revolution: the Unseen Story. Fernwood Publishing, 2014.Sweig, Julia. Inside the Cuban Revolution: Fidel Castro and the Urban Underground. Harvard University Press, 2004.

Descriptive Essay Sample on My Favorite Food What and How to Describe

Descriptive Essay Sample on My Favorite Food What and How to Describe There are many delicious dishes from different cuisines American, Indian, Mexican, Greek, Chinese, etc. Each has its tastes, peculiarities of cooking. But which country has the best food? The question â€Å"What is my favorite food?† may occur to students when they are assigned with essay writing on this topic. Hm†¦ and indeed, what is that? Determining with the favorite food is half the battle. Now, you should start writing about it. It isn’t enough to state, â€Å"My favorite food is †¦ I like it because of †. The descriptive essay writing is meant to be another describing food as concisely and vividly as possible. Describing your favorite food, don’t be afraid of touching on a taste receptor of the reader. So, in this article, you’ll be shown how to write a descriptive essay on â€Å"My Favorite Food†. Moreover, you are given an essay sample to show how it should be done in practice. Follow it and write your own essay! The Dilemma: Which Food Is My Favorite? According to a survey, pasta is the worlds favorite food. Whats yours? Because of a huge variety of food today, it is really challenging to choose the most favorite food to describe in an essay. What not try out a quiz to know what your favorite food is? There are some questions to answer and start writing an essay about the chosen food based on the following points: How often do you eat it? What was the first time when you tasted it? What was your impression? What associations do you have with this food? Where do you like eating it? Have you ever cooked it on your own? By the way, do you know that your favorite food can say about your personality most? For example, if you like hot sauce, you are an adventure-seeker. Like ice cream with a cherry on top? Don’t lose your child-like innocence or a sense of wonder anyway! Rely on interesting facts in your essay to get the readers interested in reading it. Look at an essay sample below to see what you can present in your own essay and in what way. Essay Sample My Favorite Food Is How lucky we are today all delicious food is easily available to us! Sometimes, I wonder how life was in the ancient past when our ancestors did not have easy access to food which we have today. Want to try out the Chinese food? No need to go to China! Just visit any restaurant in the city and get familiar with these hot and salty tastes. Do in the same way when you want to eat an American traditional dish, a burger, for example. Although I can find food of all kinds in stores, there is food that stands out as my favorite one. I easily walk past the pizzas, the fluffy pastries, pies, and cream cakes. But when I sit in the restaurant and see the words oxtail stew with creamed spinach and potatoes, I drool immediately. I remember the moment when a waiter of Waitron placed the crispy warm bread rolls beside me on a white plate. In front of me, there were yellow balls of butter. Next, she placed in front of me a bowl of creamed spinach, dark green finely cut with the white cream and steam coming from it advertising it was freshly cooked. I inhaled the warm aroma unique to spinach. Beside it, there was a bowl with smooth white mashed potato. Rich creamy smooth and firm from the butter and milk that had been beaten into it to add to its flavor and smooth texture. Then the bowl full of oxtail stew came. Its rich dark brown color was set off by the white bowl it was in. The gravy was thick and rich. I could smell the aroma of beef, garlic, and herbs and spices drifting up from it into my nose. Unfortunately, any food has a tendency to get cold. My mouth watered in anticipation to eat it. Now, I took the silver spoon and dipped it into the bowl of potato. It smoothly penetrated the firm fluffy white mound. I lifted the spoon and turned it over on my plate depositing a mound of potato. I repeated this 3 times. Then using another spoon, I scooped up spinach dripping white sauce and put it on the plate beside the potato. The dark green spinach was hot, the white sauce melted and it contrasted with the creamy potato. After a second helping of spinach, I took another larger spoon. I dipped it into the rich brown stew and stirred it. Then I scooped up a chunky slice of oxtail. Several other pieces followed that one onto my plate, the rich brown meat, contrasting with the dark green spinach and creamy white potato. The succulent meat gleaming with a coating of rich gravy and the aroma of gravy, garlic spinach and potato blending in the steam rising from my plate. I scooped up gravy from the bowl and trickled it over the white potato catching the scent of red wine. I broke th e roll and spread butter on it and I was ready to eat. Now the decision where to start, so I bit into the fresh crisp roll and tasted its warm soft texture and the melting butter. By then I had decided to sample the potato with gravy and the spinach. The potato was smooth, with a taste of butter overpowered with the tangy gravy, its garlic and hint of good red wine in it. The spinach was a good foil. Smooth with its vegetable texture and plain white sauce it softened the taste of the gravy. Then I used my fork and removed the succulent meat from the bone. Its soft texture, fatty feeling in the mouth, the spice wine and garlic in the gravy made it perfect. Finally, I sat contented at my table eating as much as I could, and more than I should of my favorite food. Is this essay written in vivid details so that you would like to taste it as well? So it is your main aim in your own descriptive essay to make the reader try out your favorite food. 7 Tips on Writing a Descriptive Essay About Favorite Food: This essay is based on personal views. It describes your personal experience and view of your favorite food. The goal is to create a vivid picture of your favorite food in the reader’s imagination. Brainstorm by using your power of observation and make notes. Carefully choose descriptive words that bring out a vivid picture of what you describe – in this case – your favorite food. Ensure you apply all your senses. The reader must be brought into the picture in his/her imagination use words such as hot, cold, warm, dark, light, sunshine, fragrant, and the like. Describe what emotions and feelings you have while eating this food. Readers are supposed to identify and connect with your emotions as well. Do not lose your focus on proper writing and make sure you organize your paper correctly.

Population Geography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Population Geography - Essay Example The dependent elderly population has been generally accepted as those 65 years and above. It is presumed again, like youth dependent population that this subset of population has no independent and active income and they remain dependent for their livelihood on working population. The elderly dependency ratio is defined as the ratio of the number of people aged 65 years and older to the number aged 15 to 64 years. Therefore the total dependency ratio is obtained as the sum of the youth dependency ratio and the elderly dependency ratio. All three dependency ratios are usually expressed as percentages. With the assumption that the potential labor force comprises of the population subset aged 15 to 64 years, the reciprocal of the total dependency ratio is well interpreted to mean the number of potential workers available per dependent person (young or elderly). For instance, if the total dependency ratio is 40 percent or 0.5 (it was about 50 percent in the United States in 2000), the re ciprocal 1/0.4 - 2.5 means that the population has two and a half (rounded to three) potential workers for each dependent individual. The reciprocals of the youth dependency ratio and the elderly dependency ratio would have about the same interpretations with the added advantage that they could be used in finer analysis. It is apparent that the higher the dependency ratios, the lower the numbers of potential workers available to support the dependents. The global total dependency ratio rose steadily from 1950 to 1965-70.It has been on a decline ever since. According to the medium projection of UN (1998), the total dependency ratio will reach a plateau near about the year 2015 and then it would gradually move up, as the elderly population subset will increase faster than the youthful population subset will decrease. This would happen due to declining fertility rates in the present which is, in turn, caused by economic development and increased understanding and actual availability of various measures to plan families. The lower fertility in the present would tend to suppress the present day birth rates and improved medical facilities would raise the general life expectancy thus making way for an elderly composition of the population around the predicted year. The conceptual clarity in measuring and projecting dependency ratios critically rests on the assumptions that individuals aged 15 to 64 years represent the potential workers of a population, and that the other individuals represent dependents. These assumptions have been questioned variously (Treas, 2000; Seike, 2001). For instance in many less developed and some more developed countries, children commence employment of some sort, with or without a minimum wage, even before the age of 15 years. In India, Bangladesh, Srilanka, Nepal and Pakistan, for instance, child labor has been a vexing issue and governments in some of these countries have legislated extensively to control the abusive and exploitative us e of child labor. However only little to moderate success has been achieved in most jurisdictions. Again in employment markets there has been a distinct trend to prefer retired experience and employees in the age group of 65 years and above are finding

Summary of Thirteen Days by Robert Kennedy Essay

Summary of Thirteen Days by Robert Kennedy - Essay Example The Soviet Union was putting her nuclear missiles on the grounds of Cuba ready to strike the United States. Given the magnitude of the threat, President John F. Kennedy had no choice but to make a decisive decision on the issue to avoid the eminent danger that United States was in. Making a decision on such a grave matter was not easy. The president had to understand the consequences that that awaited any of his actions and the impact they would have not only on the United States, but also on the entire world. He therefore had to rely on the Committee of National Security Council for advice. The members of this committee were to argue, discuss, and even quarrel to eventually advice his on the best course of action to take concerning the crisis. Many a member of the committee rooted for the deployment of military to destroy the Soviet Union missiles in Cuba. Robert Kennedy, then the attorney general, was of the idea that the navy should be deployed around the Cuban island to block any offensive that the Soviet Union might employ against America. ... They perused through past similar crisis and their resolutions and the mistakes committed and how they could avoid repeating such mistakes. They did their best to understand the situation before any decision could be made by President Kennedy. They knew any decision taken would have a huge effect on humanity. Robert Kennedy vividly explains how decisions were arrived at during these momentous times and how those taken by the President himself and his advisors. It gives detailed information on the efforts of both Robert Kennedy and John Kennedy towards ensuring that any decision taken centered on diplomacy and law. This approach was done at the United Nations. ‘13 days’ also highlights how Robert Kennedy was powerful in the John F. Kennedy government and how he used his power to exert influence on other advisers of President Kennedy. In the book, there are correspondences between President Kennedy and the Soviet Union leader Nikita Krushnev and the speeches that President Kennedy gave concerning the Cuba nuclear crisis as well as photos of nuclear weapons that the Soviet Union had already brought to Cuba. The book further reveal that even the Soviet Union wanted a peaceful end to the Cuban crisis since they realized they too had families that would suffer because of employment of nuclear weapons between the two super powers. Any passionate lover of John F. Kennedy’s president would find this book captivating and inspiring to some extend as it gives the reader a rare opportunity to read and understand the mind of President Kennedy. The book outlines the historical lessons learnt from the crisis and how they can be avoided in the future, so as under no circumstances should there be any disregard for